Feng Yulong, Li Meijuan, Lu Yuxi, Tian Chengcheng, Zhao Yu, Li Jianwei, Wen Zhiguo, Zhu Yongwen
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550005, China.
Guizhou Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guiyang 550018, China.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jul 14;15(14):2078. doi: 10.3390/ani15142078.
The aim was to investigate effects of various proportions (0 to 20%) of fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) on performance, intestinal health, and antioxidant status in ducks ( ducks). A total of 350 male ducklings, 15 d old, were allocated into five dietary treatments with seven replicate pens of 10 birds per pen. The starter diets had 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% FRSM that contained 0, 1.08, 2.17, 3.25, or 4.34 µmol glucosinolates (GLS/g of complete feed, respectively, fed from d 15 to d 35. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) from d 15 to 35 increased linearly with the dietary FRSM inclusion, with the ducks fed 15 or 20% FRSM diets having higher ( < 0.05) ADFIs and FCRs than the ducks fed 0% FRSM. The dietary FRSM inclusion levels of up to 15% were accompanied by decreased catalase (CAT) and antioxidant capacity (AOC) activities in the livers and jejunum of the ducks at d 35. In addition, the 20% FRSM (4.34 µmol GLS/g diet) decreased the villus height, crypt depth, muscular thickness, and goblet cell counts in the jejunum and ileum. In conclusion, 15 or 20% dietary FRSM (3.25 or 4.34 µmol GLS/g diet) during the grower period in ducks decreased feed efficiency, disrupted hepatic antioxidant balance, and impaired intestinal morphology and structure. The FRSM inclusion of ≥15% (3.25 µmol glucosinolates/g) impaired feed efficiency and antioxidant activity, while the 20% FRSM (4.34 µmol glucosinolates/g) induced intestinal damage in the growing ducks.
本研究旨在探讨不同比例（0%至20%）的发酵菜籽粕（FRSM）对鸭生长性能、肠道健康及抗氧化状态的影响。选取350只15日龄雄性鸭雏，随机分为5组，每组7个重复栏，每栏10只鸭。雏鸭日粮中分别含有0%、5%、10%、15%或20%的FRSM，相应的硫代葡萄糖苷（GLS）含量分别为0、1.08、2.17、3.25或4.34 μmol/g全价饲料，饲喂期为15日龄至35日龄。从15日龄至35日龄，鸭的平均日采食量（ADFI）和饲料转化率（FCR）随日粮中FRSM添加量的增加呈线性上升，饲喂15%或20% FRSM日粮的鸭的ADFI和FCR显著高于饲喂0% FRSM日粮的鸭（P<0.05）。日粮中FRSM添加量达15%时，35日龄鸭肝脏和空肠中的过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及抗氧化能力（AOC）均降低。此外，20% FRSM（4.34 μmol GLS/g日粮）降低了空肠和回肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度、肌层厚度及杯状细胞数量。综上所述，育雏期日粮中添加15%或20% FRSM（3.25或4.34 μmol GLS/g日粮）会降低鸭的饲料效率，破坏肝脏抗氧化平衡，损害肠道形态和结构。添加≥15%（3.25 μmol硫代葡萄糖苷/g）的FRSM会损害饲料效率和抗氧化活性，而20% FRSM（4.34 μmol硫代葡萄糖苷/g）会对生长鸭肠道造成损伤。
