Quijada-Cazorla María-Asunción, Simó-Rodríguez María-Virgilia, Palacios-Marqués Ana-María, Peláez-García María, Ramos-Rincón José-Manuel
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, 03010 Alicante, Spain.
Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jul 19;14(14):5136. doi: 10.3390/jcm14145136.
Pregnancy has been considered a risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to assess the clinical impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women managed at a Spanish tertiary care hospital across different phases of the pandemic. A retrospective observational study was conducted at Dr. Balmis General University Hospital (Alicante, Spain) between March 2020 and May 2023. All pregnant women who received hospital care with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed and compared with the 6120 total births recorded during the same period. A total of 249 pregnant women with COVID-19 were included, with 30.8%, 25.0%, and 7.9% hospitalized during each respective pandemic phase. The overall incidence of infection was 41 cases per 1000 births. Hospitalized pregnant women showed significantly higher rates of preterm birth, labor induction (70.4% vs. 47.0%; OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.12-6.43), and cesarean delivery (46.9% vs. 24.9%, OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.27-5.50). Neonatal outcomes included lower Apgar scores, increased admission to the neonatal unit (25.8% vs. 8.2%, = 0.007), and a higher rate of neonatal complications (23.3% vs. 7.7%, = 0.015). Maternal obesity and non-Spanish nationality were associated with more severe maternal disease. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization due to the infection (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13-0.69). Pregnant women admitted with COVID-19 had increased risks of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes, underscoring the importance of preventive strategies, such as vaccination.
妊娠被认为是严重的SARS-CoV-2感染的一个风险因素，同时也是孕产妇和新生儿不良结局的一个风险因素。本研究旨在评估2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）对一家西班牙三级护理医院在疫情不同阶段收治的孕妇的临床影响。2020年3月至2023年5月期间，在西班牙阿利坎特的巴尔米斯综合大学医院进行了一项回顾性观察研究。纳入了所有因确诊SARS-CoV-2感染而接受住院治疗的孕妇。分析了孕产妇和新生儿结局，并与同期记录的6120例总出生数进行了比较。共纳入了249例COVID-19孕妇，在疫情的各个阶段分别有30.8%、25.0%和7.9%的孕妇住院。感染的总体发生率为每1000例出生中有41例。住院孕妇的早产、引产率（70.4%对47.0%；比值比：2.67；95%置信区间：1.12 - 6.43）和剖宫产率（46.9%对24.9%，比值比：2.60；95%置信区间：1.27 - 5.50）显著更高。新生儿结局包括阿氏评分较低、新生儿重症监护病房入住率增加（25.8%对8.2%，P = 0.007）以及新生儿并发症发生率较高（23.3%对7.7%，P = 0.015）。孕产妇肥胖和非西班牙国籍与更严重的孕产妇疾病相关。接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗显著降低了因感染而住院的风险（比值比：0.30；95%置信区间：0.13 - 0.69）。因COVID-19入院的孕妇出现不良产科和新生儿结局的风险增加，这突出了预防策略（如接种疫苗）的重要性。
