Lamlom Sobhi F, Abdelghany Ahmed M, El-Banna Aly A A, El-Manhaly Mohamed M, Elsheikh Amr M, Bassiony Noran A M, Teiba Islam I, El-Sorady Gawhara A, Ren Honglei, Ahmad Shakeel, Zhang Taifeng, Feng Guojun
Work Station of Science and Technique for Post-doctoral in Sugar Beet Institute, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China.
Heilongjiang Junyi Agricultural Limited Liability Company, Harbin, 150000, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 29;15(1):27550. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-10918-x.
This study aimed to investigate cultivar-specific responses to nitrogen and potassium fertilization in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) to optimize yield, quality attributes, and fertilizer use efficiency. Five sugar beet cultivars (Indira, Carma, Mallak, Melodia, and Shantala) were evaluated under nine fertilization treatments combining three nitrogen and potassium levels (T1 (144 N,0 K); T2 (144 N,60 K); T3 (144 N,120 K); T4 (216 N,0 K); T5 (216 N,60K2);T6 (216 N,120 K); T7 (288 N,0 K); T8 (288 N,60 K); T9 (288 N,120 K)) in a split-plot design over two growing seasons (2020/2021 and 202120/22 ). Significant cultivar × treatment interactions (p < 0.001) were observed across all parameters. Root yield ranged from 55.72 t/ha (Indira) to 83.33 t/ha (Shantala under T2 treatment). Sucrose content varied from 18.10% (Indira) to 18.92% (Mallak), with corresponding purity levels of 79.93% and 76.39%. Principal component analysis revealed distinct cultivar-specific nutrient responses: lower nitrogen and potassium levels (T1 and T2) positively impacted quality attributes in Indira and Carma, while higher nitrogen and moderate potassium combinations (T3 and T6) enhanced yield attributes in Mallak and Shantala. Economic analysis showed optimal profitability with T3 treatment for Indira and Melodia (ROIs of 89.5% and 91.6%), T2 for Carma and Mallak (ROIs of 123.4% and 113.1%), and T1 or T6 for Shantala (ROI of 166%). Hierarchical clustering and correlation analysis identified strong positive relationships between root yield and biological yield (r = 0.94), recoverable sugar yield (r = 0.87), and sugar yield (r = 0.82). These findings provide valuable recommendations for cultivar-specific nutrient management strategies that farmers can implement to optimize both production efficiency and economic returns while reducing environmental impacts from excessive fertilization.
本研究旨在调查甜菜（Beta vulgaris）品种对氮钾肥的特异性反应，以优化产量、品质属性和肥料利用效率。在两个生长季节（2020/2021和2021/2022）采用裂区设计，对五个甜菜品种（Indira、Carma、Mallak、Melodia和Shantala）进行了九种施肥处理，这些处理组合了三种氮钾水平（T1（144 N，0 K）；T2（144 N，60 K）；T3（144 N，120 K）；T4（216 N，0 K）；T5（216 N，60 K）；T6（216 N，120 K）；T7（288 N，0 K）；T8（288 N，60 K）；T9（288 N，120 K））。在所有参数上均观察到显著的品种×处理交互作用（p < 0.001）。根产量范围为55.72吨/公顷（Indira）至83.33吨/公顷（T2处理下的Shantala）。蔗糖含量从18.10%（Indira）到18.92%（Mallak）不等，相应的纯度水平分别为79.93%和76.39%。主成分分析揭示了不同品种对养分的特异性反应：较低的氮钾水平（T1和T2）对Indira和Carma的品质属性有积极影响，而较高的氮和中等钾组合（T3和T6）提高了Mallak和Shantala的产量属性。经济分析表明，Indira和Melodia的T3处理具有最佳盈利能力（投资回报率分别为89.5%和91.6%），Carma和Mallak的T2处理（投资回报率分别为123.4%和113.1%），Shantala的T1或T6处理（投资回报率为166%）。层次聚类和相关分析确定了根产量与生物产量（r = 0.94）、可回收糖产量（r = 0.87）和糖产量（r = 0.82）之间存在强正相关关系。这些发现为品种特异性养分管理策略提供了有价值的建议，农民可以实施这些策略来优化生产效率和经济回报，同时减少过度施肥对环境的影响。
