Lim Myung Sub, Jeong Eun Gyo
School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
Department of Electronics Engineering, Incheon National University (INU), Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
Micromachines (Basel). 2025 Jun 30;16(7):772. doi: 10.3390/mi16070772.
Stretchable display technology has rapidly evolved, enabling a new generation of flexible electronics with applications ranging from wearable healthcare and smart textiles to implantable biomedical devices and soft robotics. This review systematically presents recent advances in stretchable displays, focusing on intrinsic stretchable materials, wavy surface engineering, and hybrid integration strategies. The paper highlights critical breakthroughs in device architectures, energy-autonomous systems, durable encapsulation techniques, and the integration of artificial intelligence, which collectively address challenges in mechanical reliability, optical performance, and operational sustainability. Particular emphasis is placed on the development of high-resolution displays that maintain brightness and color fidelity under mechanical strain, and energy harvesting systems that facilitate self-powered operation. Durable encapsulation methods ensuring long-term stability against environmental factors such as moisture and oxygen are also examined. The fusion of stretchable electronics with AI offers transformative opportunities for intelligent sensing and adaptive human-machine interfaces. Despite significant progress, issues related to large-scale manufacturing, device miniaturization, and the trade-offs between stretchability and device performance remain. This review concludes by discussing future research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges and advancing multifunctional, robust, and scalable stretchable display systems poised to revolutionize flexible electronics applications.
可拉伸显示技术迅速发展，催生了新一代柔性电子产品，其应用范围涵盖可穿戴医疗保健、智能纺织品、植入式生物医学设备和软体机器人等领域。本综述系统地介绍了可拉伸显示的最新进展，重点关注本征可拉伸材料、波浪形表面工程和混合集成策略。本文强调了器件架构、能量自主系统、耐用封装技术以及人工智能集成方面的关键突破，这些突破共同应对了机械可靠性、光学性能和运行可持续性方面的挑战。特别强调了在机械应变下保持亮度和色彩保真度的高分辨率显示器以及促进自供电运行的能量收集系统的发展。还研究了确保长期抵御诸如湿气和氧气等环境因素影响的耐用封装方法。可拉伸电子学与人工智能的融合为智能传感和自适应人机界面带来了变革性机遇。尽管取得了重大进展，但大规模制造、器件小型化以及可拉伸性与器件性能之间的权衡等问题依然存在。本综述最后讨论了未来的研究方向，旨在克服这些挑战并推动多功能、坚固且可扩展的可拉伸显示系统发展，有望彻底改变柔性电子应用。
