Alnawafa Emad, Allaymoun Mohammad
Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan.
Administrative Science Department, College of Administrative and Financial Science, Gulf University, Sanad 26489, Bahrain.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jul 21;25(14):4510. doi: 10.3390/s25144510.
Numerous protocols have emerged to address the energy depletion problem in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Among these protocols, the Dynamic Multi-Hop Routing (DMR) protocol adopts a dynamic technique for routing data across the network. The use of the DMR protocol has shown promising results in reducing energy consumption, prolonging the network lifetime, and increasing throughput. To improve the performance of WSNs, this paper proposes the Enhanced Dynamic Multi-Hop Routing (EDMR) protocol as a modification of the DMR protocol. The EDMR protocol introduces an effective sleeping mechanism that selectively deactivates clusters that do not generate significantly updated data for a specific duration. This mechanism reduces redundant transmissions, thereby saving energy and prolonging the network lifetime. The EDMR protocol incorporates static and dynamic approaches to support two major categories of applications: monitoring and event-driven applications. The proposed protocol is evaluated against the DMR protocol, the Enhanced Dynamic Multi-Hop Technique (EMDHT-LEACH) protocol, and the Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. The simulation results demonstrate that the EDMR protocol mitigates energy depletion, extends the network lifetime, increases stability, and improves network throughput toward the Base Station (BS), while reducing packet redundancy compared with the other protocols.
已经出现了许多协议来解决无线传感器网络（WSN）中的能量耗尽问题。在这些协议中，动态多跳路由（DMR）协议采用了一种动态技术在网络中路由数据。DMR协议的使用在降低能耗、延长网络寿命和提高吞吐量方面显示出了有前景的结果。为了提高无线传感器网络的性能，本文提出了增强动态多跳路由（EDMR）协议，作为对DMR协议的改进。EDMR协议引入了一种有效的睡眠机制，该机制在特定时间段内选择性地停用那些没有生成显著更新数据的簇。这种机制减少了冗余传输，从而节省了能量并延长了网络寿命。EDMR协议结合了静态和动态方法来支持两大类应用：监测应用和事件驱动应用。将所提出的协议与DMR协议、增强动态多跳技术（EMDHT-LEACH）协议和低功耗自适应聚类分层协议（LEACH）进行了评估。仿真结果表明，与其他协议相比，EDMR协议减轻了能量耗尽，延长了网络寿命，提高了稳定性，并提高了向基站（BS）的网络吞吐量，同时减少了数据包冗余。
