Antibacterial Activity of Clove Essential Oil () Against Oxacillin-Resistant Isolated from Dogs with Otitis Externa.

Infections caused by oxacillin-resistant are increasingly common in veterinary medicine. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics by pet owners worsens this problem, reducing treatment efficacy and creating the need for alternative therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of clove essential oil () on both oxacillin-resistant and susceptible . Thirty-five isolates from dogs with otitis externa were analyzed. The bacteria were identified by phenotypic tests and tested for susceptibility to 22 antibiotics using disk diffusion. Resistance genes ( and ) were detected using conventional PCR. Among the isolates, 34.28% (12/35) were positive for , and 97.14% (34/35) for . The essential oil's efficacy was assessed using broth microdilution to determine its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Clove oil showed an average MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 6.4 mg/mL, inhibiting both resistant and susceptible isolates. In conclusion, clove essential oil demonstrated in vitro antimicrobial activity against .