Li Jingnan, Peng Weikang, Lei Zhendong, Jian Jialin, Cong Jie, Zhao Chenyang, Wu Yuming, Su Jiaqi, Han Shuaiyuan
State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resources Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jul 9;17(14):1901. doi: 10.3390/polym17141901.
To address the growing demand for environmentally friendly flexible sensors, here, a composite hydrogel of nanocellulose (NC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was designed and fabricated using shells as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based raw materials. Firstly, NC was extracted from shells and modified with 2-chloropropyl chloride to obtain a nanocellulose-based initiator (Init-NC) for atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Subsequently, sulfonyl betaine methacrylate (SBMA) was polymerized by Init-NC initiating to yield zwitterion-functionalized nanocellulose (NC-PSBMA). Finally, the NC-PSBMA/PVA hydrogel was fabricated by blending NC-PSBMA with PVA. A Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), universal mechanical testing machine, and digital source-meter were used to characterize the chemical structure, surface microstructure, and sensing performance. The results indicated that: (1) FT-IR and NMR confirmed the successful synthesis of NC-PSBMA; (2) SEM, TEM, and alternating current (AC) impedance spectroscopy verified that the NC-PSBMA/PVA hydrogel exhibits a uniform porous structure (pore diameter was 1.1737 μm), resulting in significantly better porosity (15.75%) and ionic conductivity (2.652 S·m) compared to the pure PVA hydrogel; and (3) mechanical testing combined with source meter testing showed that the tensile strength of the composite hydrogel increased by 6.4 times compared to the pure PVA hydrogel; meanwhile, it showed a high sensitivity (GF = 1.40, strain range 0-5%; GF = 1.67, strain range 5-20%) and rapid response time (<0.05 s). This study presents a novel approach to developing bio-based, flexible sensing materials.
为满足对环境友好型柔性传感器日益增长的需求，在此，设计并制备了一种由纳米纤维素（NC）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）组成的复合水凝胶，使用[具体壳类名称]作为石油基原材料的可持续替代品。首先，从[具体壳类名称]中提取NC并用2-氯丙基氯进行改性，以获得用于原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）的基于纳米纤维素的引发剂（Init-NC）。随后，通过Init-NC引发使甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磺基甜菜碱（SBMA）聚合，得到两性离子功能化纳米纤维素（NC-PSBMA）。最后，通过将NC-PSBMA与PVA共混制备了NC-PSBMA/PVA水凝胶。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、质子核磁共振光谱仪（NMR）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、万能材料试验机和数字源表对化学结构、表面微观结构和传感性能进行了表征。结果表明：（1）FT-IR和NMR证实了NC-PSBMA的成功合成；（2）SEM、TEM和交流（AC）阻抗谱验证了NC-PSBMA/PVA水凝胶呈现出均匀的多孔结构（孔径为1.1737μm），与纯PVA水凝胶相比，其孔隙率（15.75%）和离子电导率（2.652 S·m）显著更高；（3）力学测试结合源表测试表明，复合水凝胶的拉伸强度比纯PVA水凝胶提高了6.4倍；同时，它表现出高灵敏度（GF = 1.40，应变范围0-5%；GF = 1.67，应变范围5-20%）和快速响应时间（<0.05 s）。本研究提出了一种开发生物基柔性传感材料的新方法。
