Głowacz-Czerwonka Dorota, Zakrzewska Patrycja, Zygmunt-Kowalska Beata, Zarzyka Iwona
Department of Organic Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland.
Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jul 18;17(14):1977. doi: 10.3390/polym17141977.
The thermal properties and flammability of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) containing various flame retardants, including solid (melamine, expanded graphite (EG), Exolit OP 935, ammonium polyphosphate (APP)) and liquid (Roflam B7, Roflam PLO) types, added at 30 wt.% and 60 wt.% by weight have been evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, with the maximum 10% weight loss temperature (292 °C, +34 °C vs. reference) observed for foams containing 60 wt.% Exolit OP 935 and APP. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) test demonstrated the optimal performance for 30 wt.% APP and melamine (26.4 vol.% vs. 18.7 vol.% reference). In the UL-94 test, Exolit OP 935 and APP achieved a V-0 rating. The 60 wt.% Exolit with an EG blend also demonstrated a substantial reduction in heat release rate. These findings underscore the cooperative effects of hybrid flame retardants, thereby supporting their utilization in fire-safe RPUFs for construction and transport.
已对添加了各种阻燃剂（包括固体（三聚氰胺、膨胀石墨（EG）、Exolit OP 935、聚磷酸铵（APP））和液体（Roflam B7、Roflam PLO）类型）的硬质聚氨酯泡沫（RPUF）的热性能和可燃性进行了评估，添加量为30重量%和60重量%。热重分析（TGA）表明热稳定性增强，对于含有60重量% Exolit OP 935和APP的泡沫，观察到最大10%重量损失温度（292℃，相对于参考物升高34℃）。极限氧指数（LOI）测试表明30重量%的APP和三聚氰胺具有最佳性能（26.4体积%，而参考物为18.7体积%）。在UL - 94测试中，Exolit OP 935和APP达到了V - 0等级。含60重量% Exolit与EG混合物的材料也显示出热释放速率大幅降低。这些发现强调了混合阻燃剂的协同效应，从而支持它们在建筑和运输用防火RPUF中的应用。
