Caramitu Alina Ruxandra, Lungu Magdalena Valentina, Ciobanu Romeo Cristian, Ion Ioana, Lungulescu Eduard Marius, Sbarcea Gabriela Beatrice, Marinescu Virgil Emanuel, Aradoaei Sebastian, Aradoaei Mihaela, Machidon Raducu
National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA Bucharest, 030168 Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jul 20;17(14):1987. doi: 10.3390/polym17141987.
In this study, polymer matrix composites based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and recycled HDPE (HDPEr) were reinforced with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). Four formulations (M1-M4) with HDPE/HDPEr/ZnO NP mass ratios of 50/50/0, 48/47/5, 45/45/10, and 43/42/15 were produced via melt injection molding. Disc-shaped samples (Ø30 ± 0.1 mm × 2 ± 0.1 mm) were evaluated in unaged and aged states (840 h at 100% humidity and 100 °C) using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, water absorption, thermal resistance, and mechanical and dielectric testing. Among all composites, M2 showed the best performance, with the highest aging resistance (estimated lifetime of 3891 h in humidity and 2361 h in heat). It also exhibited superior mechanical properties, with the highest indentation hardness, Vickers hardness, and elastic modulus before (0.042 GPa, 3.846 HV, and 0.732 GPa) and after aging under humidity (0.042 GPa, 3.932 HV, 0.706 GPa) and elevated temperature (0.085 GPa, 7.818 HV, 1.871 GPa). Although ZnO NPs slightly reduced electrical resistivity, M2 showed the most stable dielectric properties. In its unaged state, M2 had 22%, 30%, and 3% lower surface resistivity, volume resistivity, and dielectric strength, respectively, than M1 polymer. M2 was identified as the optimal formulation, combining mechanical strength, dielectric stability, and resistance to moisture and heat.
在本研究中，基于高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和再生HDPE（HDPEr）的聚合物基复合材料用氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）进行增强。通过熔融注塑制备了四种配方（M1 - M4），其HDPE/HDPEr/ZnO NP质量比分别为50/50/0、48/47/5、45/45/10和43/42/15。使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、紫外 - 可见光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱、吸水率、耐热性以及力学和介电测试，对圆盘形样品（Ø直径为30 ± 0.1毫米×厚度为2 ± 0.1毫米）在未老化和老化状态（在100%湿度和100°C下840小时）下进行评估。在所有复合材料中，M2表现出最佳性能，具有最高的耐老化性（在湿度条件下估计寿命为3891小时，在热条件下为2361小时）。它还表现出优异的力学性能，在老化前（0.042吉帕、3.846维氏硬度、0.732吉帕）、湿度老化后（0.042吉帕、3.932维氏硬度、0.706吉帕）和高温老化后（0.085吉帕、7.818维氏硬度、1.871吉帕）具有最高的压痕硬度、维氏硬度和弹性模量。尽管ZnO NPs略微降低了电阻率，但M2表现出最稳定的介电性能。在未老化状态下，M2的表面电阻率、体积电阻率和介电强度分别比M1聚合物低22%、30%和3%。M2被确定为最佳配方，兼具机械强度、介电稳定性以及耐湿热性。
