Konuk Ege Gözde, Bahar Okuyucu Merve, Akay Sefer Özge
Mechatronics Program, Gedik Vocational School, Istanbul Gedik University, 34913 Istanbul, Türkiye.
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Türkiye.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jul 20;17(14):1989. doi: 10.3390/polym17141989.
Herein, electrospun nanofibers composed of polyaniline (PANI), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and (LC) cellulose, reinforced with titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles, were synthesized via electrospinning to investigate the effect of TiO nanoparticles on PANI/PEO/LC nanocomposites and the effect of conductivity on nanofiber morphology. Cellulose extracted from luffa was added to the PANI/PEO copolymer solution, and two different ratios of TiO were mixed into the PANI/PEO/LC biocomposite. The morphological, vibrational, and thermal characteristics of biocomposites were systematically investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As anticipated, the presence of TiO enhanced the electrical conductivity of biocomposites, while the addition of Luffa cellulose further improved the conductivity of the cellulose-based nanofibers. FTIR analysis confirmed chemical interactions between Luffa cellulose and PANI/PEO matrix, as evidenced by the broadening of the hydroxyl (OH) absorption band at 3500-3200 cm. Additionally, the emergence of characteristic peaks within the 400-1000 cm range in the PANI/PEO/LC/TiO spectra signified Ti-O-Ti and Ti-O-C vibrations, confirming the incorporation of TiO into the biocomposite. SEM images of the biocomposites reveal that the thickness of nanofibers decreases by adding Luffa to PANI/PEO nanofibers because of the nanofibers branching. In addition, when blending TiO nanoparticles with the PANI/PEO/LC biocomposite, this increment continued and obtained thinner and smother nanofibers. Furthermore, the incorporation of cellulose slightly improved the crystallinity of the nanofibers, while TiO contributed to the enhanced crystallinity of the biocomposite according to the XRD and DCS results. Similarly, the TGA results supported the DSC results regarding the increasing thermal stability of the biocomposite nanofibers with TiO nanoparticles. These findings demonstrate the potential of PANI/PEO/LC/TiO nanofibers for advanced applications requiring conductive and structurally optimized biomaterials, e.g., for use in humidity or volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors, especially where flexibility and environmental sustainability are required.
在此，通过静电纺丝合成了由聚苯胺（PANI）、聚环氧乙烷（PEO）和（LC）纤维素组成并经二氧化钛（TiO₂）纳米颗粒增强的电纺纳米纤维，以研究TiO₂纳米颗粒对PANI/PEO/LC纳米复合材料的影响以及导电性对纳米纤维形态的影响。将从丝瓜中提取的纤维素添加到PANI/PEO共聚物溶液中，并将两种不同比例的TiO₂混入PANI/PEO/LC生物复合材料中。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和热重分析（TGA）系统地研究了生物复合材料的形态、振动和热特性。正如预期的那样，TiO₂的存在提高了生物复合材料的电导率，而添加丝瓜纤维素进一步提高了基于纤维素的纳米纤维的电导率。FTIR分析证实了丝瓜纤维素与PANI/PEO基质之间的化学相互作用，3500 - 3200 cm⁻¹处羟基（OH）吸收带变宽证明了这一点。此外，PANI/PEO/LC/TiO₂光谱中400 - 1000 cm⁻¹范围内特征峰的出现表明存在Ti - O - Ti和Ti - O - C振动，证实了TiO₂已掺入生物复合材料中。生物复合材料的SEM图像显示，由于纳米纤维分支，向PANI/PEO纳米纤维中添加丝瓜会使纳米纤维的厚度减小。此外，当将TiO₂纳米颗粒与PANI/PEO/LC生物复合材料混合时，这种减小继续存在，并得到更细且更光滑的纳米纤维。此外，根据XRD和DCS结果，纤维素的掺入略微提高了纳米纤维的结晶度，而TiO₂有助于提高生物复合材料的结晶度。同样，TGA结果支持了DSC结果，即含TiO₂纳米颗粒的生物复合纳米纤维的热稳定性增加。这些发现证明了PANI/PEO/LC/TiO₂纳米纤维在需要导电且结构优化的生物材料的先进应用中的潜力，例如用于湿度或挥发性有机化合物（VOC）传感器，特别是在需要柔韧性和环境可持续性的情况下。
