Neznakomova Margarita P, Salaün Fabien, Dineff Peter D, Tsanev Tsvetozar D, Gospodinova Dilyana N
Faculty of Industrial Technology, Technical University of Sofia, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.
ULR 2461-GEMTEX-Génie et Matériaux Textiles, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Industries Textiles, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jul 12;18(14):3293. doi: 10.3390/ma18143293.
This study presents the development and characterization of electrospun nanofibers composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and natural beeswax (BW). A stable emulsion containing 9 wt% PVA and 5 wt% BW was successfully formulated and electrospun. The effects of beeswax incorporation on solution properties-viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension-were systematically evaluated. Electrospinning was performed at 30 kV and a working distance of 14.5 cm, yielding nanofibers with diameters between 125 and 425 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed increased surface roughness and diameter variability in PVA/BW fibers compared to the PVA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed physical incorporation of BW without evidence of chemical bonding. Thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses (TGA/DSC) demonstrated altered behavior and an expanded profile of temperature transitions due to the waxy components. The solubility test of the nanofiber mat in saline indicated that BW slows dissolution and improves the structural integrity of the fibers. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the incorporation of beeswax into electrospun PVA nanofibers with improved structural and thermal properties, indicating potential for further exploration in biomedical material design.
本研究介绍了由聚乙烯醇（PVA）和天然蜂蜡（BW）组成的电纺纳米纤维的开发与表征。成功制备了一种含有9 wt% PVA和5 wt% BW的稳定乳液并进行了电纺。系统评估了蜂蜡掺入对溶液性质（粘度、电导率和表面张力）的影响。在30 kV和14.5 cm的工作距离下进行电纺，得到直径在125至425 nm之间的纳米纤维。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示，与PVA相比，PVA/BW纤维的表面粗糙度增加，直径变异性增大。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）证实了BW的物理掺入，没有化学键合的证据。热重分析和差示扫描量热分析（TGA/DSC）表明，由于蜡质成分，其行为发生了改变，温度转变曲线变宽。纳米纤维毡在盐水中的溶解度测试表明，BW减缓了溶解并改善了纤维的结构完整性。本研究首次证明了将蜂蜡掺入电纺PVA纳米纤维中可改善其结构和热性能，表明在生物医学材料设计方面具有进一步探索的潜力。
