Bohn Torsten, Rohn Sascha, Böhm Volker, Despotovic Marta, de Lera Angel R, Krezel Wojciech, Kucuk Omer, Bánáti Diána, Rühl Ralph
Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 AB, Rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
Department of Food Chemistry and Analytics, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 14;17(14):2317. doi: 10.3390/nu17142317.
With the emergence of a new vitamin concept-vitamin A5-it is essential to first clarify the basic definition of vitamins, particularly vitamin A. This article summarizes the foundational concepts and definitions of vitamins with particular relevance to the discovery, establishment, and categorization of new vitamin concepts. Vitamin A5 was discovered 80 years after the last vitamin was identified. It serves as an umbrella term for the dietary precursors 9--β,β-carotene and 9--13,14-dihydroretinol for the endogenous activator of the nuclear hormone receptor RXR, 9--13,14-dihydroretinoic acid. However, several questions arise: Which criteria are typically used to identify a substance as a vitamin? How does vitamin A5 fit into the sometimes misleading definition of vitamin A? This review summarizes key findings and provides a comprehensive assessment of the current understanding, concluding that (a) vitamin A5 is a newly identified micronutrient that plays an important role in the prevention of diet-related diseases and (b) vitamin A5 is an important micronutrient that provides a plausible, mechanistic explanation for why a Western lifestyle diet low in vegetables and especially leafy vegetables can lead to a high prevalence of Western-lifestyle diseases, particularly neurological diseases and poor mental health.
随着一种新的维生素概念——维生素A5的出现，首先明确维生素尤其是维生素A的基本定义至关重要。本文总结了与新维生素概念的发现、确立和分类特别相关的维生素的基础概念和定义。维生素A5是在上一种维生素被确定80年后被发现的。它是核激素受体RXR的内源性激活剂9-顺式视黄酸的膳食前体9-顺式-β,β-胡萝卜素和9-顺式-13,14-二氢视黄醇的统称。然而，出现了几个问题：通常用哪些标准来将一种物质鉴定为维生素？维生素A5如何符合有时会产生误导的维生素A的定义？本综述总结了关键发现，并对当前的理解进行了全面评估，得出以下结论：(a) 维生素A5是一种新发现的微量营养素，在预防与饮食相关的疾病中起重要作用；(b) 维生素A5是一种重要的微量营养素，为西方生活方式饮食中蔬菜尤其是叶菜类蔬菜含量低为何会导致西方生活方式疾病尤其是神经疾病和心理健康不佳的高患病率提供了合理的机制解释。
