Domosławska-Żylińska Katarzyna, Łopatek Magdalena, Krysińska-Pisarek Magdalena, Sugay Larysa
Department of Education and Communication, National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska St., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
Centre for Migration Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (CeBaM AMU), 7 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego St., 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2023 Dec 19;13(1):22. doi: 10.3390/jcm13010022.
According to the World Health Organization, an unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity constitute the primary global health risks. The purpose of this study was to as-certain the barriers to a healthy diet (HD) and physical activity (PA) as perceived by the Polish population in order to implement public health interventions.
A quantitative survey was conducted using the computer-assisted telephone interview technique on a randomly selected representative sample of 2000 Polish citizens aged 18-88 years. The research tool was a questionnaire consisting of two parts: sociodemographic characteristics and examining barriers to an HD (Cronbach's alpha = 0.899) and regular PA (Cronbach's alpha = 0.923).
Women constituted more than half of the sample (53.4%), and most of the respondents lived in urban areas (60.5%), considered their financial situation as average (56.9%), and their health as satisfactory (42.3%). Barriers to an HD include the cost of healthy food (43%), lack of motivation (26.7%), and lack of time (25.4%). Barriers to taking up PA include competing priorities (29%), a lack of motivation to exercise (27.3%), feeling of constant fatigue, and lack of energy (24.4%). Limiting factors in the adoption of both an HD and PA are gender (women > men; HD < 0.01; PA < 0.001), financial situation (unsatisfactory; HD and PA < 0.001), health condition (unsatisfactory; HD and PA < 0.001), type of work (blue-collar workers; HD < 0.001; PA < 0.05), and employment status (people running household; HD and PA < 0.001).
The results of this study provide important information about barriers to adopting healthy lifestyle principles. The practical implications of our work can be used by policymakers responsible for intervention strategies and programmes to increase the number of people adhering to recommendations for an HD and PA by removing barriers.
根据世界卫生组织的说法，不健康的饮食和缺乏体育活动是全球主要的健康风险。本研究的目的是确定波兰民众所认为的健康饮食（HD）和体育活动（PA）的障碍，以便实施公共卫生干预措施。
采用计算机辅助电话访谈技术，对2000名年龄在18 - 88岁的波兰公民进行随机抽样代表性调查。研究工具是一份问卷，由两部分组成：社会人口统计学特征以及调查健康饮食（Cronbach's α系数 = 0.899）和规律体育活动（Cronbach's α系数 = 0.923）的障碍。
女性占样本的一半以上（53.4%），大多数受访者居住在城市地区（60.5%），认为自己的经济状况为中等（56.9%），健康状况为满意（42.3%）。健康饮食的障碍包括健康食品成本高（43%）、缺乏动力（26.7%）和缺乏时间（25.4%）。进行体育活动的障碍包括有其他更重要的事情要做（29%）、缺乏锻炼动力（27.3%）、持续疲劳感和缺乏精力（24.4%）。采用健康饮食和体育活动的限制因素包括性别（女性＞男性；健康饮食P＜0.01；体育活动P＜0.001）、经济状况（不满意；健康饮食和体育活动P＜0.001）、健康状况（不满意；健康饮食和体育活动P＜0.001）、工作类型（蓝领工人；健康饮食P＜0.001；体育活动P＜0.05）以及就业状况（家庭主妇；健康饮食和体育活动P＜0.001）。
本研究结果提供了关于采用健康生活方式原则的障碍的重要信息。负责干预策略和计划的政策制定者可以利用我们工作的实际意义，通过消除障碍来增加遵守健康饮食和体育活动建议的人数。
