Aigbedion Glory, Tseng Pei-Ching, Puthussery Shuby
Maternal and Child Health Research Centre, Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton LU1 3JU, UK.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 17;17(14):2338. doi: 10.3390/nu17142338.
: Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly among pregnant women and children under five years old, remain a significant public health challenge in Nigeria. Despite existing policies and programmes, national data on prevalence and risk factors are fragmented. Objective: To synthesise the current evidence on the prevalence of key micronutrient deficiencies and associated risk factors among pregnant women and children under five years old in Nigeria. : A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using peer-reviewed studies that were published between 2008 and 2024. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, and African Journals Online. After screening 1207 studies, 37 studies were included: 27 were conducted among pregnant women and 10 were among children. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the anaemia prevalence using a random-effects model. A narrative synthesis was conducted to synthesise evidence on other micronutrients (i.e., magnesium, copper, and vitamins C and E) due to the limited data and risk factors. : The pooled prevalence of anaemia was 56% among children and 54% among pregnant women. The prevalence of other micronutrient deficiencies varied widely, with a high prevalence of zinc (86.4%), magnesium (94%), and vitamin D (73.3%) deficiencies in certain regions. The identified risk factors included poor dietary diversity, lower socioeconomic status, low maternal education, infection burden, and early or high parity. Most studies were facility-based and sub-national, limiting the generalisability. : This review highlights a high prevalence of anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant women and children in Nigeria. Key risk factors included a poor diet, low maternal education, infections, and reproductive health challenges. Targeted, multisectoral policies are urgently needed to address these gaps and improve health outcomes.
微量营养素缺乏，尤其是在孕妇和五岁以下儿童中，仍然是尼日利亚一项重大的公共卫生挑战。尽管有现有政策和项目，但关于患病率和风险因素的国家数据零散。目的：综合当前关于尼日利亚孕妇和五岁以下儿童中关键微量营养素缺乏患病率及相关风险因素的证据。：使用2008年至2024年发表的同行评审研究进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。搜索的数据库包括PubMed、Scopus和非洲在线期刊。在筛选了1207项研究后，纳入了37项研究：27项针对孕妇，10项针对儿童。使用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析以估计贫血患病率。由于数据和风险因素有限，进行了叙述性综合以综合关于其他微量营养素（即镁、铜以及维生素C和E）的证据。：儿童贫血的合并患病率为56%，孕妇为54%。其他微量营养素缺乏的患病率差异很大，某些地区锌（86.4%）、镁（94%）和维生素D（73.3%）缺乏的患病率很高。确定的风险因素包括饮食多样性差、社会经济地位较低、母亲教育程度低、感染负担以及早育或多胎。大多数研究基于医疗机构且为国家以下层面，限制了普遍性。：本综述强调了尼日利亚孕妇和儿童中贫血和微量营养素缺乏的高患病率。关键风险因素包括饮食不良、母亲教育程度低、感染以及生殖健康挑战。迫切需要有针对性的多部门政策来弥补这些差距并改善健康结果。
