Genome-Wide Analysis of Genes: Identification, Evolution, Comparative Genomics, Expression Dynamics, and Sub-Cellular Localization in .

genes play crucial roles in cell-fate determination and body plan specification during early embryogenesis. However, the specific gene structure and functional differentiation of in is still unclear. We investigated genes in (), (), and (), which are polyploidy models with genome triplication after - divergence. In total, 15, 14, and 32 genes were identified in , , and , respectively. Phylogenetic analysis classified () into three classes with conserved domain organization. Synteny analysis indicated that family expansion during allopolyploidization was mainly due to whole-gene and segmental duplications. -element, gene structure, and expression pattern analyses showed high conservation within the same group. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results divided into three classes with distinct expression patterns: Class I exhibited moderate and specific expression in buds and inflorescence tips; Class III showed specific low expression in seeds and stamens; while the second class showed expression in most tissues. Sub-cellular localization results showed that the three candidate genes from the three classes exhibited distinct subcellular localizations, with BnSTM-C and BnKNAT3a-A predominantly in the nucleus and BnKNATM1-A in the cytoplasm indicating different expression patterns. Collectively, these findings provide a foundation for further functional studies of genes in .