Li Qian, Li Zeyu, Hu Chaogui, Wang Chenyue, Yang Feng, Ding Xiaoqin
State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 15;14(14):2188. doi: 10.3390/plants14142188.
Hot water extraction (HE), enzyme-assisted hot water extraction (EAHE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction with NADES (UAE-NADES) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction with NADES and enzyme pretreatment (UAE-NADES-E) were employed to extract polysaccharides from Radix (PDR) and their structures were characterized for the first time. UAE-NADES-E was found to be the most effective extraction method, and the extraction process was optimized by Box-Behnken design (BBD)-response surface methodology (RSM) experiments. The optimal extraction process was determined by using a NADES system with a molar ratio of betaine to 1,3-butanediol of 1:3, a water content of 30%, a liquid/solid ratio of 40:1 mL/g, an ultrasound time of 30 min, an ultrasound temperature of 45 °C and an alcohol precipitation time of 6 h; the polysaccharide extraction yield reached 19.93%. Further, the structures of polysaccharides from PDR extracted by the above four methods were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, gel and anion-exchange chromatography. Eight monosaccharides were detected in the PDR polysaccharides extracted by the four methods. The PDR polysaccharides extracted by the UAE-NADES-E method had lower molecular weights compared with those extracted by the other methods. Moreover, the PDR polysaccharides exhibited obvious antioxidant activity, as revealed by DPPH, ABTS+ and hydroxyl radical scavenging experiments, meaning they have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants.
采用热水提取法（HE）、酶辅助热水提取法（EAHE）、基于天然深共熔溶剂的超声辅助提取法（UAE-NADES）以及基于天然深共熔溶剂和酶预处理的超声辅助提取法（UAE-NADES-E）从太子参中提取多糖，并首次对其结构进行表征。结果发现UAE-NADES-E是最有效的提取方法，并通过Box-Behnken设计（BBD）-响应面法（RSM）实验对提取工艺进行了优化。使用甜菜碱与1,3-丁二醇摩尔比为1:3、含水量为30%、液固比为40:1 mL/g、超声时间为30 min、超声温度为45℃且醇沉时间为6 h的天然深共熔溶剂体系确定了最佳提取工艺；多糖提取率达到19.93%。此外，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、凝胶色谱和阴离子交换色谱对上述四种方法提取的太子参多糖的结构进行了表征。在四种方法提取的太子参多糖中检测到了八种单糖。与其他方法提取的太子参多糖相比，UAE-NADES-E法提取的太子参多糖分子量较低。此外，通过1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）、2,2'-联氮-二（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS+）和羟基自由基清除实验表明，太子参多糖具有明显的抗氧化活性，这意味着它们有潜力被开发为天然抗氧化剂。
