Tuxun Arezigu, Xiang Yue, Shao Yang, Son Jung Eek, Yamada Mina, Yamada Satoshi, Tagawa Kotaro, Baiyin Bateer, Yang Qichang
Research Center for Smart Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China.
Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 16;14(14):2203. doi: 10.3390/plants14142203.
Soilless cultivation technology is a key means of overcoming traditional agricultural resource limits, providing an important path to efficient and sustainable modern agriculture by precisely regulating crop rhizospheric environments. This paper systematically reviews the technical system of soilless cultivation, nutrient solution management strategies, the interaction mechanism of rhizosphere microorganisms, and future development directions, aiming to reveal its technical advantages and innovation potential. This review shows that solid and non-solid substrate cultivation improves resource utilization efficiency and yield, but substrate sustainability and technical cost need urgent attention. The dynamic regulation of nutrient solution and intelligent management can significantly enhance nutrient absorption efficiency. Rhizosphere microorganisms directly regulate crop health through nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and pathogen antagonism. However, the community structure and functional stability of rhizosphere microorganisms in organic systems are prone to imbalance, requiring targeted optimization via synthetic biology methods. Future research should focus on the development of environmentally friendly substrates, the construction of intelligent environmental control systems, and microbiome engineering to promote the expansion of soilless cultivation towards low-carbon, precise, and spatial directions. This paper systematically references the theoretical improvements and practical innovations in soilless cultivation technology, facilitating its large-scale application in food security, ecological protection, and resource recycling.
无土栽培技术是克服传统农业资源限制的关键手段，通过精确调控作物根际环境，为高效可持续现代农业提供了重要途径。本文系统综述了无土栽培的技术体系、营养液管理策略、根际微生物相互作用机制及未来发展方向，旨在揭示其技术优势和创新潜力。本综述表明，固体和非固体基质栽培提高了资源利用效率和产量，但基质可持续性和技术成本亟待关注。营养液的动态调控和智能管理可显著提高养分吸收效率。根际微生物通过固氮、解磷和拮抗病原菌直接调节作物健康。然而，有机系统中根际微生物的群落结构和功能稳定性易失衡，需要通过合成生物学方法进行针对性优化。未来研究应聚焦于开发环保基质、构建智能环境控制系统和微生物组工程，以推动无土栽培向低碳、精准和空间化方向拓展。本文系统参考了无土栽培技术的理论改进和实践创新，促进其在粮食安全、生态保护和资源循环利用方面的大规模应用。
