Nieuwoudt Angelina, Strauss Kay-Lee E, Phoswa Wendy N, Mokgalaboni Kabelo
Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa.
Viruses. 2025 Jun 25;17(7):894. doi: 10.3390/v17070894.
Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of mortality globally, and this is worse in people living with HIV (PLHIV). While the administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in this population has significant benefits, it is essential to acknowledge that it also has some undesired effects. This study investigated the impact of ART on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in PLHIV as a marker of early atherosclerosis. A literature search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases from 1 January 1987 to 30 May 2025. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were analyzed using a meta-analysis web tool and reported as the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-seven studies, which included 3250 PLHIV on ART and 1542 who were ART-naive, were relevant. The mean age was 41.26 in ART and 39.91 years. The results showed a higher CIMT in PLHIV on ART compared to the ART-naive group, MD = 0.03 mm, 95% CI (0.02 mm to 0.04 mm), < 0.0001; I = 96.9%. Subgroup analysis showed that the inclusion of studies conducted on male participants only, those with a sample size of one hundred, and those with a moderate risk of bias contributed to heterogeneity. The results suggest there is an increased risk of atherosclerosis in PLHIV on ART.
动脉粥样硬化仍然是全球主要的死亡原因，在艾滋病毒感染者（PLHIV）中情况更糟。虽然在这一人群中使用抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）有显著益处，但必须承认它也有一些不良影响。本研究调查了ART对PLHIV颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）的影响，以此作为早期动脉粥样硬化的一个指标。对1987年1月1日至2025年5月31日期间的PubMed、Scopus和EBSCOhost数据库进行了文献检索。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估研究的方法学质量。使用荟萃分析网络工具分析数据，并报告为平均差异（MD）和95%置信区间（CI）。27项研究相关，其中包括3250名接受ART治疗的PLHIV和1542名未接受ART治疗的患者。接受ART治疗组的平均年龄为41.26岁，未接受ART治疗组为39.91岁。结果显示，与未接受ART治疗的组相比，接受ART治疗的PLHIV的CIMT更高，MD = 0.03毫米，95% CI（0.02毫米至0.04毫米），<0.0001；I² = 96.9%。亚组分析表明，仅纳入对男性参与者进行的研究、样本量为100的研究以及偏倚风险为中度的研究导致了异质性。结果表明，接受ART治疗的PLHIV患动脉粥样硬化的风险增加。
