Gao Wen, Shen Xiaoting, Li Peipei, Xiao Chanchan, Wang Yongxia
NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou 510600, China.
The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Jun 26;13(7):692. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13070692.
The issues of uncontrolled global population growth and unintended pregnancies are severe, and the existing contraceptive methods have numerous limitations, making the development of novel contraceptive technologies urgent. Contraceptive vaccines offer a promising alternative to traditional contraception methods. This article reviews the three developmental stages of contraceptive vaccines, including early exploration, technical bottlenecks, and innovative development directions in the new era. This article also summarizes the targets of immunocontraception, covering the current research status of contraceptive vaccines targeting sperm production, sperm antigens, oocyte zona pellucida, and gamete outcomes. Furthermore, this article explores the advantages of contraceptive vaccines in terms of efficiency, non-invasiveness, reversibility, and the promotion of gender equality. Challenges associated with clinical translation and real-world implementation are also critically analyzed.
全球人口增长失控和意外怀孕问题严峻，现有避孕方法存在诸多局限性，使得新型避孕技术的研发迫在眉睫。避孕疫苗为传统避孕方法提供了一种有前景的替代方案。本文综述了避孕疫苗的三个发展阶段，包括早期探索、技术瓶颈以及新时代的创新发展方向。本文还总结了免疫避孕的靶点，涵盖了针对精子生成、精子抗原、卵母细胞透明带和配子结果的避孕疫苗的当前研究现状。此外，本文探讨了避孕疫苗在有效性、非侵入性、可逆性以及促进性别平等方面的优势。还对临床转化和实际应用中面临的挑战进行了批判性分析。
