Paternoga Helge, Dimitrova-Paternoga Lyudmila
Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
RNA Biol. 2025 Dec;22(1):1-22. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2025.2535846. Epub 2025 Jul 29.
RNA is fundamental for life, and its homoeostasis is a critical contributor to cellular growth and adaptation to stress. Key RNA species include messenger RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs, such as transfer RNA (tRNA), or ribosomal RNA (rRNA), that are essential for ribosome formation and translation of the genetic code. Furthermore, various other non-coding RNAs are expressed at each growth stage. Given RNA's abundance and its role in all cellular processes, RNases - enzymes responsible for RNA degradation and processing - are central to RNA metabolism. In this review, we discuss the pivotal contribution of the 3' exonuclease RNase R to bacterial RNA homoeostasis. We focus on its functions in regulating and degrading components of the translation machinery, including the trans-translation system, and we take a look at recent structural studies that shed new light on the activities of this important enzyme.
RNA 是生命的基础，其稳态是细胞生长和应激适应的关键因素。关键的 RNA 种类包括信使 RNA（mRNA）和非编码 RNA，如转运 RNA（tRNA）或核糖体 RNA（rRNA），它们对于核糖体形成和遗传密码的翻译至关重要。此外，在每个生长阶段都会表达各种其他非编码 RNA。鉴于 RNA 的丰富性及其在所有细胞过程中的作用，核糖核酸酶（负责 RNA 降解和加工的酶）是 RNA 代谢的核心。在本综述中，我们讨论了 3' 外切核酸酶核糖核酸酶 R 对细菌 RNA 稳态的关键贡献。我们重点关注其在调节和降解翻译机制组件（包括反式翻译系统）中的功能，并探讨了最近的结构研究，这些研究为这种重要酶的活性提供了新的见解。
