Aquino Taylor, Brand Jennie E, Torche Florencia
University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Sociol Compass. 2022 Apr;16(4). doi: 10.1111/soc4.12972. Epub 2022 Feb 17.
Disruptive events have significant consequences for the individuals and families who experience them, but these effects do not occur equally across the population. While some groups are strongly affected, others experience few consequences. We review recent findings on inequality in the effects of disruptive events. We consider heterogeneity based on socioeconomic resources, race/ethnicity, the likelihood of experiencing disruption, and contextual factors such as the normativity of the event in particular social settings. We focus on micro-level events affecting specific individuals and families, including divorce, job loss, home loss and eviction, health shocks and deaths, and violence and incarceration, but also refer to macro-level events such as recession and natural disasters. We describe patterns of variation that suggest a process of resource disparities and cumulative disadvantage versus those that reflect the impact of non-normative and unexpected shocks. Finally, we review methodological considerations when examining variation in the effect of disruptive events.
破坏性事件对经历这些事件的个人和家庭会产生重大影响，但这些影响在整个人口中的发生并不均衡。虽然有些群体受到强烈影响，但其他群体受到的影响较小。我们回顾了关于破坏性事件影响不平等的最新研究结果。我们考虑基于社会经济资源、种族/民族、经历破坏的可能性以及诸如特定社会环境中事件的规范性等背景因素的异质性。我们关注影响特定个人和家庭的微观层面事件，包括离婚、失业、失去住房和被驱逐、健康冲击和死亡，以及暴力和监禁，但也提及宏观层面事件，如经济衰退和自然灾害。我们描述了不同的变化模式，这些模式表明了资源差距和累积劣势的过程，以及那些反映非规范性和意外冲击影响的模式。最后，我们回顾了在研究破坏性事件影响的变化时的方法学考量。
