Albalushi Khalid, Al Saadi Abdulrahman, Al-Rawahi Nada, Khan Ashfaq, Saki Malehi Amal, Alhadrami Abdulrahman, Al-Attraqchi Mustafa, Alessai Widad
College of Medicine and Health Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OMN.
Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, OMN.
Cureus. 2025 Jun 28;17(6):e86936. doi: 10.7759/cureus.86936. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Objectives To determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors associated with nosocomial infections (NI) in neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) in Oman. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted, involving neonates admitted to the NICU between January 2020 and December 2023. Data were collected from medical records, focusing on demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory results. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant risk factors for NI. Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Sultan Qaboos University. Results Of the 1,642 neonates admitted to the NICU at SQUH from 2020-2023, 292 developed NI. The average prevalence of NI among NICU neonates was 17.95%(N=292), with an incidence of 13.75 per 1,000 patient-days and 17.78 per 100 admissions. Respiratory tract infections are more prevalent (N=107). Gram-positive organisms are more frequent in bloodstream infections(N=47) (63.4%). However, gram-negative organisms have a higher prevalence in the urinary tract, conjunctivitis, the respiratory tract, and surgical site infections. Invasive mechanical ventilation was identified as a significant risk factor for respiratory tract infections. Additionally, respiratory tract infections were associated with prolonged hospitalizations. However, mortality rates did not differ significantly across the different infection types (P=0.49). Conclusion The findings underscore that NI poses a significant challenge within the NICU at SQUH, necessitating targeted interventions to mitigate its occurrence and impact on neonatal outcomes.
目的 确定阿曼苏丹卡布斯大学医院（SQUH）新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）收治的新生儿医院感染（NI）的患病率、发病率及相关危险因素。方法 进行一项回顾性队列研究，纳入2020年1月至2023年12月期间入住NICU的新生儿。从病历中收集数据，重点关注人口统计学、临床特征和实验室检查结果。进行统计分析以确定NI的显著危险因素。获得了苏丹卡布斯大学医学研究伦理委员会的伦理批准。结果 在2020 - 2023年入住SQUH的1642例新生儿中，292例发生了NI。NICU新生儿中NI的平均患病率为17.95%（N = 292），发病率为每1000患者日13.75例，每100例入院患者中有17.78例。呼吸道感染最为常见（N = 107）。革兰氏阳性菌在血流感染中更为常见（N = 47）（63.4%）。然而，革兰氏阴性菌在尿路感染、结膜炎、呼吸道感染和手术部位感染中的患病率更高。有创机械通气被确定为呼吸道感染的显著危险因素。此外，呼吸道感染与住院时间延长有关。然而，不同感染类型的死亡率差异无统计学意义（P = 0.49）。结论 研究结果强调，NI给SQUH的NICU带来了重大挑战，需要采取针对性干预措施以减少其发生及其对新生儿结局的影响。
