SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad, Afzalian Arian, Mojdeganlou Hengameh, Varshochi Sanaz, Paranjkhoo Parinaz, Shahbazi Parmida, Hajizadeh Mina, Lotfi Sohrab, Hajei Amirhassan, Nasiri Khadijeh, Afsahi Amir Masoud, Afroughi Fatemeh, Heidaresfahani Ladan, Karimi Amirali, Farizani Gohari Narjes Sadat, Mehraeen Esmaeil, Hackett Daniel
Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Public Health Res. 2025 Jul 25;14(3):22799036251358298. doi: 10.1177/22799036251358298. eCollection 2025 Jul.
COVID-19 transmission can be influenced by various factors, including weather and climate conditions, population density, and the availability of medical facilities. To gain a deeper understanding of this topic, an in-depth analysis of recent studies is needed. Our objective was to investigate previous systematic reviews that have examined the seasonal variation of COVID-19 and the impact of climate on its transmission and mortality. Online databases that included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched using relevant keywords up to November 2021. Negative associations were found between temperature and COVID-19 spread and mortality (6/9 studies, 66.6%). These negative correlations imply a decrease in the spread and mortality of COVID-19 with an increase in temperature. Similarly, seven systematic reviews reported a negative correlation between humidity and transmission or mortality of COVID-19 (7/9 studies, 77.7%). COVID-19 spread was not associated with precipitation (three studies) but was negatively correlated with sunlight or UV radiation (two studies), COVID-19 incidence and mortality were positively associated with wind speed (one study). One study reported that the effect of air pressure and UV radiation on COVID-19 activity was unknown. The effects of air pollution, seasonal changes, wind speed, precipitation, and UV radiation on COVID-19 incidence or mortality remain unclear. However, factors proposed as having the greatest influence on COVID-19 incidence or mortality include air pollution, wind speed, and wastewater. Sunlight exposure and warm climates likely assist with reducing COVID-19 incidence or mortality, with the infection having a winter seasonality.
新冠病毒（COVID-19）的传播会受到多种因素影响，包括天气和气候条件、人口密度以及医疗设施的可及性。为更深入了解这一主题，需要对近期研究进行深入分析。我们的目标是调查此前有关COVID-19季节性变化以及气候对其传播和死亡率影响的系统评价。截至2021年11月，使用相关关键词在包括PubMed、Scopus、科学网和考克兰图书馆在内的在线数据库中进行了检索。发现温度与COVID-19传播及死亡率之间存在负相关（9项研究中的6项，66.6%）。这些负相关意味着随着温度升高，COVID-19的传播和死亡率会降低。同样，七项系统评价报告了湿度与COVID-19传播或死亡率之间存在负相关（9项研究中的7项，77.7%）。COVID-19传播与降水无关（三项研究），但与阳光或紫外线辐射呈负相关（两项研究），COVID-19发病率和死亡率与风速呈正相关（一项研究）。一项研究报告称，气压和紫外线辐射对COVID-19活动的影响尚不清楚。空气污染、季节变化、风速、降水和紫外线辐射对COVID-19发病率或死亡率的影响仍不明确。然而，被认为对COVID-19发病率或死亡率影响最大的因素包括空气污染、风速和废水。阳光照射和温暖气候可能有助于降低COVID-19发病率或死亡率，该感染具有冬季季节性特征。
