Nallusamy Nithiskanna, Mohd Kamal Rufadzil Nurul Afifah, Bala Murally Jasvini, Liam Jing Zhi, Wan Fauzi Wan Nor Dalila, Mohd Jefri Hawa Dalily, Amirul Al-Ashraf Abdullah, Ramakrishna Seeram, Vigneswari Sevakumaran
Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Food Technol Biotechnol. 2025 Jun;63(2):159-167. doi: 10.17113/ftb.63.02.25.8925.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesised using agricultural waste and green synthesis, a sustainable alternative to traditional synthesis techniques that require hazardous chemicals and extensive processing. The AgNPs were produced using spent coffee () grounds and rice () husks, both common agricultural wastes rich in bioactive substances such as proteins, flavonoids and phenolic acids that act as natural reducing agents.
The formation and stability of AgNPs were confirmed using various methods. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks at 450 nm, indicating the formation of AgNPs, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified functional groups responsible for the bio-reduction and stabilisation of the nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) confirmed the crystalline, face-centred cubic structure. Zeta potential analysis showed a stable dispersion and particle size analysis showed a consistent size distribution. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was evaluated by testing their effectiveness against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
The AgNPs were synthesised using spent coffee grounds and rice husks, which are rich in biomolecules that serve as effective reducing and stabilising agents. FTIR analysis identified functional groups involved in the reduction and stabilisation of nanoparticles, while XRD confirmed their face-centred cubic (FCC) crystalline structure. Zeta potential measurements showed stable dispersions with particle sizes of AgNPs obtained using spent coffee grounds of approx. 187 nm and of AgNPs obtained using rice husks of 198 nm. The synthesised AgNPs also showed strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
AgNPs were obtained by green synthesis using agricultural waste such as spent coffee grounds and rice husks as natural reducing and stabilising agents. This study highlights the innovative use of biomolecule-rich materials to generate stable AgNPs with strong antibacterial properties and provides a sustainable basis for further development of nanotechnological applications.
银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）采用农业废弃物通过绿色合成法制备，这是一种可持续的替代传统合成技术的方法，传统合成技术需要使用危险化学品并进行大量加工。AgNPs是利用咖啡渣和稻壳制备的，这两种常见的农业废弃物富含蛋白质、黄酮类化合物和酚酸等生物活性物质，这些物质可作为天然还原剂。
使用多种方法确认了AgNPs的形成和稳定性。紫外可见光谱显示在450nm处有表面等离子体共振（SPR）峰，表明AgNPs已形成，而傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）确定了负责纳米颗粒生物还原和稳定的官能团。X射线衍射光谱（XRD）证实了晶体的面心立方结构。zeta电位分析显示分散稳定，粒径分析显示粒径分布一致。通过测试AgNPs对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的有效性来评估其抗菌活性。
利用富含生物分子的咖啡渣和稻壳合成了AgNPs，这些生物分子可作为有效的还原剂和稳定剂。FTIR分析确定了参与纳米颗粒还原和稳定的官能团，而XRD证实了它们的面心立方（FCC）晶体结构。zeta电位测量显示分散稳定，使用咖啡渣获得的AgNPs粒径约为187nm，使用稻壳获得的AgNPs粒径为198nm。合成的AgNPs对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均显示出较强的抗菌活性。
通过绿色合成法，以咖啡渣和稻壳等农业废弃物作为天然还原剂和稳定剂获得了AgNPs。本研究突出了利用富含生物分子的材料创新性地制备具有强抗菌性能的稳定AgNPs，并为纳米技术应用的进一步发展提供了可持续的基础。
