Toro-Tobon David, Billings Heather, Peersen Anina F, Atkinson Elizabeth J, Sojat Antoan S, Marina Ljiljana V, Bancos Irina
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
Department of Education Administration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
EClinicalMedicine. 2025 Jul 22;86:103377. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103377. eCollection 2025 Aug.
Mentorship is crucial for developing both scientific and professional competencies in medical training, yet its role in endocrinology training remains underexplored. We aimed to assess the prevalence of mentorship in endocrinology trainees, analyse demographic and training programme factors, and evaluate the impact of mentor characteristics on trainee outcomes.
We conducted a cross-sectional study of endocrinology trainees in the United States and Europe (23 countries) between June 2023 to January 2024. Participants were recruited via professional societies, email lists, and social media. Those who had completed more than 7 years of training post-medical school or had missing data on duration of training were excluded. A structured online questionnaire was developed using validated mentorship competency tools and adapted for regional nuances to collect data on demographics, mentorship experiences, academic productivity, and well-being. The primary outcome assessed the prevalence of mentorship; secondary outcomes evaluated the associations between mentor characteristics and self-reported academic productivity, satisfaction within the mentorship relationship, and levels of burnout and stress. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.
Between June 10, 2023, and January 1, 2024, 250 respondents (154 from the U.S. and 96 from Europe; 70.0% women, 64.4% White), 75.8% reported having a mentor. Significant regional differences emerged: U.S. trainees predominantly self-selected their mentors (69.7% vs. 23.1% in Europe) and reported less frequent interactions (monthly or less vs. more than weekly in Europe). Univariable analyses revealed that attributes such as active listening, inspirational guidance, and personalised career support were strongly linked to enhanced academic productivity, higher training satisfaction, and reduced burnout. In multivariable models, inspirational guidance was a significant predictor of academic productivity among U.S. trainees (94.4% vs. 35.3%, OR: 54.72, 95% CI: 4.7-2255.9), while in Europe, mentors facilitating strategic goal-meeting was associated with decreased burnout (77.8% vs. 40.0%, OR: 5.49, 95% CI: 1.1-33.7) and inspirational guidance with markedly improved mentorship satisfaction (90.7% vs. 28.6%, OR: 51.86, 95% CI: 2.2-1177.2).
Though the design precludes causal inference, these findings underscore the universal benefits of mentorship in endocrinology training and highlight that targeted mentor competencies are key drivers of trainee success. Tailoring mentorship frameworks to regional training contexts may optimise academic productivity, training satisfaction, and overall well-being. Future longitudinal and qualitative studies are needed to clarify causal pathways and evaluate the effectiveness of tailored mentorship interventions.
The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS).
导师指导对于医学培训中科学和专业能力的培养至关重要，但其在内分泌学培训中的作用仍未得到充分探索。我们旨在评估内分泌学学员中导师指导的普及率，分析人口统计学和培训项目因素，并评估导师特征对学员成果的影响。
我们于2023年6月至2024年1月对美国和欧洲（23个国家）的内分泌学学员进行了一项横断面研究。通过专业协会、电子邮件列表和社交媒体招募参与者。排除那些医学院毕业后完成了超过7年培训或培训时长数据缺失的人。使用经过验证的导师指导能力工具开发了一份结构化在线问卷，并针对地区差异进行了调整，以收集有关人口统计学、导师指导经历、学术产出和幸福感的数据。主要结果评估导师指导的普及率；次要结果评估导师特征与自我报告的学术产出、导师指导关系中的满意度以及倦怠和压力水平之间的关联。进行了单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析。
在2023年6月10日至2024年1月1日期间，250名受访者（154名来自美国，96名来自欧洲；70.0%为女性，64.4%为白人），75.8%报告有导师。出现了显著的地区差异：美国学员主要自行选择导师（69.7%对欧洲的23.1%），且报告的互动频率较低（每月或更少对欧洲的每周以上）。单变量分析显示，积极倾听、鼓舞性指导和个性化职业支持等属性与提高学术产出、更高的培训满意度和降低倦怠密切相关。在多变量模型中，鼓舞性指导是美国学员学术产出的重要预测因素（94.4%对35.3%，OR：54.72，95%CI：4.7 - 2255.9），而在欧洲，促进战略目标达成的导师与降低倦怠相关（77.8%对40.0%，OR：5.49，95%CI：1.1 - 33.7），鼓舞性指导与显著提高的导师指导满意度相关（90.7%对28.6%，OR：51.86，95%CI：2.2 - 1177.2）。
尽管该设计无法进行因果推断，但这些发现强调了导师指导在内分泌学培训中的普遍益处，并突出表明有针对性的导师能力是学员成功的关键驱动因素。根据地区培训背景调整导师指导框架可能会优化学术产出、培训满意度和整体幸福感。未来需要进行纵向和定性研究以阐明因果途径并评估量身定制的导师指导干预措施的有效性。
美国国立转化医学推进中心（NCATS）。
