Multifunctional composite film of chitosan/reduced graphene oxide infused silver nanoparticle for antibacterial and cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells.

In this study, biopolymer-based nanocomposite (NC) films were developed using a solution casting method, carbonaceous nanofillers to enhance their functional properties of polymer network. Biopolymer fabrication of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) based NC were integrating by 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), forming a NC film. The presence of rGO promoted uniform nucleation and stable dispersion of AgNPs, facilitating the fabrication of large surface-area NC films. The improved structural integrity and physicochemical characteristics indicating the interaction of Ag@rGO on CS/PVA. The enhanced tensile strength (17 ± 1.5 MPa, p < 0.01), improved thermal stability 65.4 Ea (kJ/mol), and controlled drug release 0.12 % per day, behavior under physiological conditions. Antibacterial studies showed strong inhibition against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans (p < 0.05), while cytotoxicity toward on HeLa with an IC value 52.5 μg/mL and HEK-293 cells (p < 0.01). The observed apoptosis was attributed to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at the Ag@rGO interface. These findings underscore the dual antimicrobial and anticancer potential of CS/PVA/Ag@rGO NC film for biomedical applications.