Adhikary Krishnendu, Paul Abhik, Madan Ayush, Islam Anas, Ashique Sumel, Ramzan Mohhammad
Department of Interdisciplinary Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, Kolkata, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Adv Immunol. 2025;166:137-167. doi: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.011. Epub 2025 Mar 24.
Biological and societal issues are involved when we refer to a condition as cancer, which connotes loss, complexity, and uncertainty. In recent decades, the number of melanomas has climbed. Cancer treatment vaccines have induced immune responses against tumor-associated but not tumor-specific antigens. Cancer therapy may use mRNA vaccines after COVID-19 pandemic regulation advancements. Therapy mRNA cancer vaccines as advanced immunotherapies gain prominence. Using messenger RNA, the mRNA-4157/V940 cancer vaccine encodes 34 patient-specific tumor euroantigens. mRNA-4157/V940, like the COVID-19 vaccination, instructs the immune system to distinguish healthy and malignant cells using messenger RNA. T cell responses are tailored to a patient's tumor mutational pattern using this unique immunization. The drug suppresses PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2. T lymphocytes activated by pembrolizumab may affect cancer and non-cancerous cells. Early clinical trials suggest pembrolizumab and mRNA-4157/V940 may boost T cell-mediated cancer killing. Knowing the status and problems of melanoma therapeutic mRNA cancer vaccines in clinical trials is critical. In this chapter, we have focused on preclinical and clinical advances that have revealed mRNA melanoma vaccine manufacturing issues and solutions.
当我们将一种病症称为癌症时，就涉及到了生物学和社会问题，癌症意味着丧失、复杂性和不确定性。近几十年来，黑色素瘤的数量一直在攀升。癌症治疗疫苗已诱导出针对肿瘤相关而非肿瘤特异性抗原的免疫反应。在新冠疫情监管取得进展之后，癌症治疗可能会使用信使核糖核酸（mRNA）疫苗。作为先进免疫疗法的治疗性mRNA癌症疫苗正日益突出。mRNA-4157/V940癌症疫苗利用信使核糖核酸编码34种患者特异性肿瘤新抗原。与新冠疫苗一样，mRNA-4157/V940指导免疫系统利用信使核糖核酸区分健康细胞和恶性细胞。通过这种独特的免疫接种方式，T细胞反应可根据患者的肿瘤突变模式进行定制。该药物可抑制程序性死亡蛋白1（PD-1）、程序性死亡配体1（PD-L1）和程序性死亡配体2（PD-L2）。帕博利珠单抗激活的T淋巴细胞可能会影响癌细胞和非癌细胞。早期临床试验表明，帕博利珠单抗和mRNA-4157/V940可能会增强T细胞介导的癌症杀伤作用。了解黑色素瘤治疗性mRNA癌症疫苗在临床试验中的现状和问题至关重要。在本章中，我们重点关注了临床前和临床进展，这些进展揭示了mRNA黑色素瘤疫苗的生产问题及解决方案。
