Herischi Alireza, Hasanzadeh Mohammad, Soleymani Jafar, Khoubnasabjafari Maryam, Jouyban Vahid, Jouyban Abolghasem
Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
BMC Chem. 2025 Jul 30;19(1):228. doi: 10.1186/s13065-025-01595-y.
Methadone (MTD) is a synthetic opioid frequently used to treat opioid addiction. The therapeutic use of this drug must be prescribed carefully because, in addition to toxicity, its suboptimal use can cause addiction. Therefore, there is an urgent need to fabricate reliable methods for sensitive and specific recognition of MTD in biological fluids. In this study, a novel platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs)/cluster-like-AgNPs/glassy carbon electrode (GCE)-based electrochemical sensor was developed for quantifying MTD in human exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. After morphological characterization of the probe, the utilization of this platform for MTD detection was examined by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry techniques. The analyte-related electrochemical signal of the probe was linear at two linear ranges of 30 ng/mL to 0.1 µg/mL and 0.1 to 2.5 µg/mL with a limit of detection of 21 ng/mL. The validation results confirmed the high repeatability and accuracy with relative standard deviation and absolute relative error of 4.8% and 1.76%, respectively. Additionally, the specificity, stability, and reproducibility of the probe were studied under the Food and Drug Guidelines, approving the reliability of the probe for use in MTD detection in EBC samples. The engineered sensor (PtNPs/cluster-like-AgNPs/GCE) was successfully employed for the detection of MTD in human EBC samples. The results demonstrated the potential of the probe for non-invasive monitoring of MTD in patient EBC samples. The main limitation of the probe is its low reusability.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13065-025-01595-y.
美沙酮（MTD）是一种常用于治疗阿片类药物成瘾的合成阿片类药物。这种药物的治疗用途必须谨慎开处方，因为除了毒性外，其使用不当还会导致成瘾。因此，迫切需要建立可靠的方法来灵敏且特异地识别生物体液中的MTD。在本研究中，开发了一种基于新型铂纳米颗粒（PtNPs）/簇状银纳米颗粒/玻碳电极（GCE）的电化学传感器，用于定量检测人呼出气冷凝液（EBC）样本中的MTD。在对探针进行形态表征后，通过循环伏安法和方波伏安法技术研究了该平台用于MTD检测的情况。该探针与分析物相关的电化学信号在30 ng/mL至0.1 μg/mL和0.1至2.5 μg/mL这两个线性范围内呈线性，检测限为21 ng/mL。验证结果证实了该方法具有高重复性和准确性，相对标准偏差和绝对相对误差分别为4.8%和1.76%。此外，根据食品药品指南研究了该探针的特异性、稳定性和重现性，证明该探针可可靠地用于检测EBC样本中的MTD。所构建的传感器（PtNPs/簇状银纳米颗粒/GCE）成功用于检测人EBC样本中的MTD。结果表明该探针具有在患者EBC样本中对MTD进行无创监测的潜力。该探针的主要局限性在于其可重复使用性较低。
在线版本包含可在10.1186/s13065-025-01595-y获取的补充材料。
