Sahin Kamil, Aydın Tahir, Bilgin Demet Deniz, Büyükkayhan Derya, Elevli Murat
Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Sultangazi, İstanbul, Turkey.
BMC Pediatr. 2025 Jul 30;25(1):582. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-05935-8.
ABO incompatibility is the most common blood group incompatibility in newborn babies, haemolytic disease develops in very few cases and is much milder than Rh incompatibility. In our study, we aimed to retrospectively examine the changes in platelet parameters, in addition to the expected decrease in the erythrocyte count, in immunized ABO incompatible patients, by comparing them with those in the control group.
The demographic data and laboratory results of patients born in our hospital between November 1, 1997, and December 31, 2023, who had accessible information, were examined. The haemogram parameters of newborns with haemolytic disease who did not have ABO incompatibility those of newborns with ABO incompatibility and those of newborns with positive direct anti-globulin test results were compared using statistical methods.
A total of 5,198 out of 7,780 newborns were included in the study. A total of 2582 newborns for whom demographic and laboratory values could not be obtained were excluded from the study. When the data of 5,158 newborns without incompatibility and 40 newborns with haemolytic disease due to ABO incompatibility were compared, the mean red blood cell (RBC), haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean platelet volume (MPV) values of newborns with haemolytic disease were found to be statistically significantly lower than those of newborns in the control group, whereas the platelet, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RDW) values were greater. Thrombocytopenia was not observed in any patient.
Haemolytic disease due to ABO incompatibility is a mild haemolytic disease that is thought to be caused by maternal antibody density or low antigen density on neonatal erythrocytes. We detected an increase in the platelet count and a decrease in the erythrocyte count values in in the haemolytic group. Prospective studies are needed on this subject that also examine erythropoietin and thrombopoietin values.
ABO血型不合是新生儿中最常见的血型不合，极少数情况下会发生溶血病，且比Rh血型不合轻得多。在我们的研究中，我们旨在通过将免疫的ABO血型不合患者与对照组患者进行比较，回顾性地研究除红细胞计数预期下降外血小板参数的变化。
对1997年11月1日至2023年12月31日在我院出生且有可获取信息的患者的人口统计学数据和实验室结果进行检查。使用统计方法比较了无ABO血型不合的溶血病新生儿、ABO血型不合的新生儿以及直接抗球蛋白试验结果为阳性的新生儿的血常规参数。
7780名新生儿中共有5198名被纳入研究。共有2582名无法获得人口统计学和实验室值的新生儿被排除在研究之外。比较5158名无血型不合新生儿和40名因ABO血型不合导致溶血病的新生儿的数据时，发现溶血病新生儿的平均红细胞（RBC）、血细胞比容、血红蛋白和平均血小板体积（MPV）值在统计学上显著低于对照组新生儿，而血小板、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白（MCH）、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）和红细胞分布宽度（RDW）值更高。未在任何患者中观察到血小板减少。
ABO血型不合导致的溶血病是一种轻度溶血病，被认为是由母体抗体密度或新生儿红细胞上的低抗原密度引起的。我们在溶血病组中检测到血小板计数增加和红细胞计数值下降。需要对该主题进行前瞻性研究，同时也检查促红细胞生成素和血小板生成素的值。
