Ali Elatris Alia Hani, Mustafa Rana Abdulhadi, Jose Jimmy, Khamis Faryal, Pandak Nenand
School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
Oman Med J. 2025 Mar 31;40(2):e729. doi: 10.5001/omj.2025.53. eCollection 2025 Mar.
To identify and evaluate the prescribing pattern of antibiotics among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2, Omicron variant in Oman, focusing on the prevalence of antibiotic use, rates of simultaneous infection, and potential overuse.
This retrospective study analyzed data from the electronic medical records of patients with COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant who were hospitalized at the Royal Hospital, Muscat, during December 2021-February 2022. Information on demographic and clinical details (including existing infections and comorbidities), hospital stays, and outcomes were collected. The prevalence and pattern of antibiotic use were examined, an association with their disease characteristics and simultaneous infection status were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using R software. Associations between categorical variables were evaluated using chi-square test.
The participants were 176 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (mean age 59.3 ± 18.6 years), of whom 69.9% had mild disease and 22.7% had severe disease. Simultaneous infection (coinfection or superinfection) was present in 11 (6.3%) patients, including 7 (4.0%) bacterial infections as revealed by culture tests. Despite the low rate of simultaneous infections, 104 (59.1%) patients received antibiotics, as follows: ceftriaxone (45.2%), piperacillin and tazobactam (45.2%), and vancomycin (21.2%). Half of the patients who received antibiotics used them for only one to three days with a median duration of four days (range = 1-16). Antibiotic use was significantly associated with patient sex ( 0.030), and the presence of simultaneous infection ( 0.029). The number and duration of antibiotic treatment also showed significant associations with various patient and disease characteristics.
Despite low rates of confirmed bacterial infections, antibiotics were administered to majority of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (Omicron variant). This finding emphasizes the need for strengthening antimicrobial stewardship to curb unnecessary antibiotic use and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance during pandemics in Oman.
识别并评估阿曼感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）奥密克戎变异株的住院患者的抗生素处方模式，重点关注抗生素使用的普遍性、合并感染率以及潜在的过度使用情况。
这项回顾性研究分析了2021年12月至2022年2月期间在马斯喀特皇家医院住院的由SARS-CoV-2奥密克戎变异株引起的新冠肺炎患者的电子病历数据。收集了人口统计学和临床细节（包括现有感染和合并症）、住院时间和结局等信息。检查了抗生素使用的普遍性和模式，评估了其与疾病特征和合并感染状态的关联。使用R软件进行统计分析。分类变量之间的关联使用卡方检验进行评估。
参与者为176名住院的新冠肺炎患者（平均年龄59.3±18.6岁），其中69.9%患有轻症，22.7%患有重症。11名（6.3%）患者存在合并感染（混合感染或重叠感染），其中7名（4.0%）经培养检测显示为细菌感染。尽管合并感染率较低，但104名（59.1%）患者接受了抗生素治疗，具体如下：头孢曲松（45.2%）、哌拉西林他唑巴坦（45.2%）和万古霉素（21.2%）。接受抗生素治疗的患者中有一半仅使用了1至3天，中位疗程为4天（范围=1-16天）。抗生素使用与患者性别（P=0.030）以及合并感染的存在（P=0.029）显著相关。抗生素治疗的次数和疗程也与各种患者和疾病特征显示出显著关联。
尽管确诊的细菌感染率较低，但大多数感染SARS-CoV-2奥密克戎变异株的住院新冠肺炎患者都接受了抗生素治疗。这一发现强调了在阿曼疫情期间加强抗菌药物管理以遏制不必要的抗生素使用并降低抗生素耐药性风险的必要性。
