重新评估全国预防自杀月:战略时机与增强影响

Re-evaluating National Suicide Prevention Month: Strategic Timing and Enhanced Impact.

作者信息

Ward Jeanne M, Yang Alina, Shi Yaya, Haydinger Alexandra, Blosnich John R

机构信息

University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 669 W 34 St., Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.

Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15240, USA.

出版信息

Crit Public Health. 2025;35(1). doi: 10.1080/09581596.2025.2522328. Epub 2025 Jun 24.

Abstract

Awareness months are used as promotion strategies to enhance public health through increasing knowledge and behavioral change, including suicide prevention. However, given epidemiologic evidence and the historical impact of awareness months on health behaviors, the purpose of this paper is to encourage reconsideration of the current timing of suicide prevention month. In the U.S., most suicide deaths occur in May. The original National Suicide Prevention Week was established in May 1974 by the American Association of Suicidology. In the early 2000s, this week was moved to September to align with a global effort by the International Association for Suicide Prevention and the World Health Organization, establishing September 10th as World Suicide Prevention Day and September as National Suicide Prevention Month. This commentary reviews evidence around awareness months/weeks/days and provides a brief history of suicide prevention awareness wee development, inviting a deeper consideration of the timing of National Suicide Prevention Week with epidemiologic trends in suicide attempts and deaths. Specifically, if calendar-anchored campaigns successfully increase awareness and behavior change, then perhaps the placement of National Suicide Prevention Month in September is not maximizing benefit in the U.S. because epidemiologic evidence suggests suicides peak in late spring/early summer, making this a potentially better time to increase awareness campaigns. By aligning the awareness month with the peak of the phenomenon, enhanced suicide prevention awareness could reduce suicide attempts and deaths. Re-scheduling this effort would require nationwide coordinated conversations with stakeholder groups, including non-profit advocacy organizations, loss survivors, researchers, prevention programs, and care agencies.

摘要

宣传月被用作一种推广策略,通过增加知识和改变行为来促进公众健康,包括预防自杀。然而,鉴于流行病学证据以及宣传月对健康行为的历史影响,本文旨在鼓励重新考虑当前预防自杀月的时间安排。在美国,大多数自杀死亡发生在五月。最初的全国预防自杀周是由美国自杀学协会于1974年5月设立的。在21世纪初,这个周被移到了9月,以配合国际自杀预防协会和世界卫生组织的全球努力,将9月10日定为世界预防自杀日,9月定为全国预防自杀月。这篇评论回顾了有关宣传月/宣传周/宣传日的证据,并简要介绍了预防自杀宣传周的发展历程,呼吁结合自杀未遂和死亡的流行病学趋势,对全国预防自杀周的时间安排进行更深入的思考。具体而言,如果以日历为依托的活动能够成功提高认知度并改变行为,那么在美国,将全国预防自杀月安排在9月可能无法使效益最大化,因为流行病学证据表明自杀在春末/夏初达到高峰,这可能是开展提高认知度活动的更好时机。通过使宣传月与这一现象的高峰期相契合,增强预防自杀意识可以减少自杀未遂和死亡人数。重新安排这项工作需要与包括非营利倡导组织、遗属、研究人员、预防项目和护理机构在内的利益相关者团体进行全国范围内的协调对话。

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