Sedighi Ali, Kou Tianyu, Huang Hui, Li Yi
Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
Nanomicro Lett. 2025 Jul 31;18(1):16. doi: 10.1007/s40820-025-01843-9.
Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue, driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods. Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-interfaced biosensors capable of analyzing sweat and skin biomarkers, providing innovative solutions for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring. This review comprehensively discusses the current developments in noninvasive wearable biosensors, emphasizing simultaneous detection of biochemical biomarkers (such as glucose, cortisol, lactate, branched-chain amino acids, and cytokines) and physiological signals (including heart rate, blood pressure, and sweat rate) for accurate, personalized diabetes management. We explore innovations in multimodal sensor design, materials science, biorecognition elements, and integration techniques, highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics, artificial intelligence-driven predictive algorithms, and closed-loop therapeutic systems. Additionally, the review addresses ongoing challenges in biomarker validation, sensor stability, user compliance, data privacy, and regulatory considerations. A holistic, multimodal approach enabled by these next-generation wearable biosensors holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes and facilitating proactive healthcare interventions in diabetes management.
糖尿病是一个重大的全球健康问题，这促使人们需要传统血糖监测方法的非侵入性替代方案。可穿戴技术的最新进展引入了能够分析汗液和皮肤生物标志物的皮肤接口生物传感器，为糖尿病诊断和监测提供了创新解决方案。本综述全面讨论了非侵入性可穿戴生物传感器的当前发展，强调同时检测生化生物标志物（如葡萄糖、皮质醇、乳酸、支链氨基酸和细胞因子）和生理信号（包括心率、血压和出汗率），以实现准确、个性化的糖尿病管理。我们探讨了多模态传感器设计、材料科学、生物识别元件和集成技术方面的创新，强调了先进数据分析、人工智能驱动的预测算法和闭环治疗系统的重要性。此外，该综述还讨论了生物标志物验证、传感器稳定性、用户依从性、数据隐私和监管考量等方面持续存在的挑战。这些下一代可穿戴生物传感器实现的整体多模态方法在改善患者治疗效果和促进糖尿病管理中的主动医疗干预方面具有巨大潜力。
