Bai Xue, Yi Lina, Zhao Shuang, Xiu Jianlong, Li Ping, Shi Rongjiu, Liang Xiaolong, Zhang Ying
Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100089, China.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2025 Sep;213:106470. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106470. Epub 2025 May 29.
Bacillus subtilis demonstrates functional diversity through production of structurally distinct lipopeptides, demonstrating significant potential for biocontrol applications. Two high-yield lipopeptide-producing strains, SL-2(7216.4 mg/L) and L6(3462.2 mg/L), were isolated from oil-contaminated soil. Their lipopeptide composition, antifungal activity, and genomic features related to secondary metabolite synthesis were systematically analyzed. Both strains predominantly produced surfactin and fengycin, with SL-2 showing higher proportions of long-chain components. Crude lipopeptide extracts from both strains strongly inhibited 5 typical plant pathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria tenuissima, Fusarium redolens, Pythium spinosum and Rhizoctonia solani), while SL-2 additionally suppressed 3 phytopathogenic fungi (Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium solani and Mucor parvisporus). Genomic analysis revealed SL-2 (4.11 Mbp) and L6 (4.36 Mbp) harbor 14 and 11 secondary metabolite gene clusters, respectively. SL-2 exhibited enriched genetic pathways for quorum sensing, two-component systems, and ABC transporters. SL-2 contains a more complete biosynthetic Nis operon for lanthipeptide class I which is crucial for the production of mature antimicrobial peptides by Gram-positive bacteria and the production and transport of the antifungal substance subtilin. SL-2 also contains the unique gene blpAB related to ABC-type bacteriocin/lantibiotic exporters, which is involved in bacteriocin production and transport. Lipopeptide-producing bacterium Bacillus subtilis and its genomics research not only provide genomic data and research direction for further excavation of strain function and genetic engineering modification, but also provide broad-spectrum, high-yielding strain resources with industrial fermentation and commercial prospects for the development of bacterial agents in the field of agricultural biological control.
枯草芽孢杆菌通过产生结构不同的脂肽表现出功能多样性，在生物防治应用中具有巨大潜力。从石油污染土壤中分离出两株高产脂肽产生菌，SL-2（7216.4 mg/L）和L6（3462.2 mg/L）。系统分析了它们的脂肽组成、抗真菌活性以及与次生代谢物合成相关的基因组特征。两株菌主要产生表面活性素和丰原素，SL-2中长链成分比例更高。两株菌的粗脂肽提取物对5种典型植物病原真菌（灰葡萄孢、细极链格孢、变红镰刀菌、刺腐霉和立枯丝核菌）有强烈抑制作用，而SL-2还能抑制3种植物病原真菌（辣椒炭疽菌、茄类镰刀菌和小孢毛霉）。基因组分析表明，SL-2（4.11 Mbp）和L6（4.36 Mbp）分别含有14个和11个次生代谢物基因簇。SL-2在群体感应、双组分系统和ABC转运蛋白方面表现出丰富的遗传途径。SL-2含有更完整的用于I类羊毛硫抗生素的生物合成Nis操纵子，这对于革兰氏阳性菌产生成熟抗菌肽以及抗真菌物质枯草菌素的产生和运输至关重要。SL-2还含有与ABC型细菌素/羊毛硫抗生素输出相关的独特基因blpAB，其参与细菌素的产生和运输。产脂肽的枯草芽孢杆菌及其基因组学研究不仅为进一步挖掘菌株功能和进行基因工程改造提供了基因组数据和研究方向，也为农业生物防治领域开发细菌制剂提供了具有工业发酵和商业前景的广谱、高产菌株资源。
