Gharsallah Houda, Cheffi Manel, Mallek Rahma, Omri Noura, Triki Mohamed Ali, Öztop Mecit Halil, Zarai Zied
Laboratory of Improvement and Protection of Olive Tree Genetic Resources, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Department of Food Technology, High Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jul 15;16:1615252. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1615252. eCollection 2025.
Microbial spoilage and fungal phytopathogen infections significantly reduce the shelf life of perishable foods, creating major challenges for both agriculture and food supply chains. species are known producers of antifungal metabolites such as lipopeptides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides.
This study evaluated the antagonistic activity of four strains, H6 (), S15 and S40 (), and S32 () against nine fungal phytopathogens, including those affecting tomatoes. Assessment methods included 108 dual-culture assays, lipopeptide bioassays, VOC-mediated inhibition tests, and PCR screening for genes involved in lipopeptide biosynthesis.
Strains H6 and S15 exhibited strong antagonistic effects, inhibiting mycelial growth by up to 78% for (H6) and 87% for S15. Lipopeptide bioassays revealed that purified extracts from H6, S15, and S32 inhibited mycelial growth by 60%. VOCs produced by all four strains completely inhibited the growth of and , with strain S40 showing the strongest VOC-mediated inhibition.
These results demonstrate the significant antifungal potential of Bacillus strains H6 and S15, which produce iturin/fengycin-type lipopeptides and VOCs, as supported by PCR detection of biosynthetic genes. These strains represent promising candidates for environmentally friendly strategies in food preservation and agricultural biocontrol.
微生物腐败和真菌植物病原体感染显著缩短了易腐食品的保质期，给农业和食品供应链带来了重大挑战。芽孢杆菌属物种是抗真菌代谢物如脂肽和挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的已知生产者，为合成杀菌剂提供了一种可持续的替代品。
本研究评估了四株芽孢杆菌，即H6（[具体菌株信息缺失]）、S15和S40（[具体菌株信息缺失]）以及S32（[具体菌株信息缺失]）对九种真菌植物病原体的拮抗活性，包括那些影响番茄的病原体。评估方法包括108次双培养试验、脂肽生物测定、VOC介导的抑制试验以及参与脂肽生物合成基因的PCR筛选。
菌株H6和S15表现出强烈的拮抗作用，对[具体病原体名称缺失]（H6）的菌丝生长抑制率高达78%，对S15为87%。脂肽生物测定表明，从H6、S15和S32中纯化的提取物抑制[具体病原体名称缺失]菌丝生长达60%。所有四株菌株产生的VOCs完全抑制了[具体病原体名称缺失]和[具体病原体名称缺失]的生长，菌株S40表现出最强的VOC介导抑制作用。
这些结果证明了芽孢杆菌菌株H6和S15具有显著的抗真菌潜力，它们产生iturin/丰原素型脂肽和VOCs，生物合成基因的PCR检测也支持了这一点。这些菌株是食品保鲜和农业生物防治中环境友好策略的有前途的候选者。
