Sato Ikuya, Maeda Tomoji, Katsuyama So, Kawase Takahiro, Kaku Teppei, Takahashi Toru, Haniu Hisao, Tsukahara Tamotsu, Tsukahara Takamitsu, Matsuda Yoshikazu
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan.
Biomed Rep. 2025 Jul 18;23(3):154. doi: 10.3892/br.2025.2032. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Porcine liver decomposition product (PLDP) is a functional food that enhances delayed memory recall and frontal lobe function in humans and exerts antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. In the present study, the previously unexplored anti-inflammatory effects of PLDP were investigated both and . The effects of PLDP on interleukin (IL)-1β production were examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells and on their transition to an M1 or M2 phenotype. The effects of PLDP administered 30 min before the initiation of a formalin-induced inflammation-related behavior were also evaluated. Furthermore, the effects of PLDP on LPS-induced inflammation related to cytokine production and behavior were examined. PLDP was orally administered for five consecutive days and 24 h after LPS administration the mice were evaluated in an open field test and plasma cytokine production was measured. PLDP and its lipid fraction, PLDP extracted lipids (PEL) suppressed LPS-induced IL-1β production. Flow cytometry revealed that PEL shifted Raw 264.7 cells to the M2 phenotype. Moreover, PEL reduced phase 2 inflammation-related behavior in formalin-induced inflammation. In the LPS-induced inflammation model, PLDP improved the LPS-attenuated locomotor activity and exploratory behavior and reduced the increased plasma interferon-γ levels. These results suggest that PLDP exerts anti-inflammatory effects and shifts macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, our results indicate that the lipid components in PLDP, especially phospholipids, could exert considerable central neuroprotective effects.
猪肝分解产物（PLDP）是一种功能性食品，可增强人类的延迟记忆回忆和额叶功能，并具有抗抑郁和抗焦虑作用。在本研究中，对PLDP此前未被探索的抗炎作用进行了体内和体外研究。在脂多糖（LPS）刺激的Raw 264.7细胞中检测了PLDP对白介素（IL）-1β产生的影响以及对其向M1或M2表型转变的影响。还评估了在福尔马林诱导的炎症相关行为开始前30分钟给予PLDP的效果。此外，研究了PLDP对LPS诱导的与细胞因子产生和行为相关的炎症的影响。连续五天口服PLDP，在给予LPS后24小时，对小鼠进行旷场试验评估并测量血浆细胞因子产生情况。PLDP及其脂质部分，即PLDP提取的脂质（PEL）抑制了LPS诱导的IL-1β产生。流式细胞术显示PEL使Raw 264.7细胞转变为M2表型。此外，PEL减轻了福尔马林诱导的炎症中第二阶段的炎症相关行为。在LPS诱导的炎症模型中，PLDP改善了LPS减弱的运动活动和探索行为，并降低了血浆干扰素-γ水平的升高。这些结果表明PLDP具有抗炎作用，并使巨噬细胞转变为M2表型。此外，我们的结果表明PLDP中的脂质成分，尤其是磷脂，可能发挥相当大的中枢神经保护作用。
