Kumari Jaya, Ray Shalini, Gupta Sunil
Community Medicine, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND.
Community Medicine, PES University Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Jul 30;17(7):e89089. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89089. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes mellitus, are emerging as major health concerns across India. Diabetes, once considered a predominantly urban condition, is increasingly being reported from rural populations as well, reflecting broader lifestyle and epidemiological transitions. National reports highlight a growing prevalence of high blood glucose levels, particularly among adults, with a rising trend in both awareness and disease burden. India is now among the countries with the highest number of individuals living with diabetes, necessitating urgent public health attention. This study examines the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its associated risk factors among adults in a rural area of Haryana, contributing to the evidence base required for targeted NCD prevention and control strategies in similar settings.
The study was conducted among 910 adults aged ≥18 years from villages under the Primary Health Center (PHC) Garhi Harsaru, Haryana, India. Cluster random sampling, using probability proportional to size (PPS), was employed to recruit study participants. All the study participants were subjected to the WHO STEPS questionnaire, and random blood glucose estimation was done. Apart from these, demographic, socioeconomic, and anthropometric details, along with blood pressure and physical activity, were recorded, and their association with the prevalence of diabetes was studied. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 26.0 (Chicago, IL: IBM Corp.). Pearson's chi-squared test was used to evaluate differences between groups for categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the independent associations.
The prevalence of newly detected diabetes was 6.2%. Adults aged 50-59 years (OR: 3.4), overweight, and obesity (OR: 5.80) were found to be the independent risk factors significantly associated with diabetes mellitus in the study population.
The prevalence of diabetes is rising, even in the rural population of Haryana. Targeted preventive strategies focusing on lifestyle modification and education should be prioritized in primary care settings to address this growing rural health challenge.
包括2型糖尿病在内的非传染性疾病正成为印度主要的健康问题。糖尿病曾被认为主要是一种城市疾病，但现在农村人口中也越来越多地有相关报告，这反映了更广泛的生活方式和流行病学转变。国家报告强调高血糖水平的患病率不断上升，尤其是在成年人中，知晓率和疾病负担都呈上升趋势。印度现在是糖尿病患者人数最多的国家之一，迫切需要公共卫生关注。本研究调查了哈里亚纳邦一个农村地区成年人中2型糖尿病的患病率及其相关危险因素，为类似环境下针对性的非传染性疾病预防和控制策略提供证据基础。
该研究在印度哈里亚纳邦加里哈尔萨鲁初级卫生中心下属村庄的910名18岁及以上成年人中进行。采用按规模大小成比例的概率抽样进行整群随机抽样以招募研究参与者。所有研究参与者都接受了世界卫生组织的逐步调查问卷调查，并进行了随机血糖估计。除此之外，还记录了人口统计学、社会经济和人体测量学细节，以及血压和身体活动情况，并研究了它们与糖尿病患病率的关联。使用SPSS 26.0版（伊利诺伊州芝加哥：IBM公司）进行统计分析。使用Pearson卡方检验评估分类变量组间差异。采用多因素逻辑回归分析独立关联。
新发现的糖尿病患病率为6.2%。研究人群中，50 - 59岁的成年人（比值比：3.4）、超重和肥胖（比值比：5.80）被发现是与糖尿病显著相关的独立危险因素。
即使在哈里亚纳邦的农村人口中，糖尿病患病率也在上升。在初级保健环境中，应优先采取以生活方式改变和教育为重点的针对性预防策略，以应对这一日益严峻的农村健康挑战。
