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INTRODUCTION

In sorghum production, pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the most important problems, and the primary cause of sprouting susceptibility is a low dormancy prior to crop harvest.

METHODS

To cope with this situation, we conducted transcriptome, metabolome, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to understand the mechanism underlying sorghum seed dormancy and germination.

RESULTS

We constructed 36 transcriptome libraries from four sorghum materials with contrasting germination abilities at three developmental stages. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis based on transcriptome data showed that metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction are greatly enriched. In plant hormone signal transduction, genes associated with abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), brassinosteroid (BR), and the auxin signaling pathway are involved in seed germination. GWAS of the 24-h germination rate across 232 cultivars identified four significant SNPs and 31 candidate genes, with emerging as the top candidate based on transcriptome integration. Combining transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that genes facilitating starch/sucrose conversion to glucose, fructose, and maltose were upregulated in low-dormancy genotypes, consistent with the accumulation levels of corresponding metabolites.

DISCUSSION

In summary, our findings demonstrate that ABA signaling, mediated by , coordinates carbohydrate mobilization during seed germination in sorghum. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the hormonal regulation of metabolic processes in cereal crops.

INTRODUCTION

In sorghum production, pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the most important problems, and the primary cause of sprouting susceptibility is a low dormancy prior to crop harvest.

METHODS

To cope with this situation, we conducted transcriptome, metabolome, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to understand the mechanism underlying sorghum seed dormancy and germination.

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

引言

在高粱生产中，收获前发芽（PHS）是最重要的问题之一，而种子易发芽的主要原因是作物收获前休眠期短。

方法

为应对这种情况，我们进行了转录组、代谢组和全基因组关联研究（GWAS），以了解高粱种子休眠和萌发的潜在机制。

结果

我们从四种具有不同发芽能力的高粱材料在三个发育阶段构建了36个转录组文库。基于转录组数据的京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）分析表明，代谢途径、次生代谢物的生物合成、淀粉和蔗糖代谢以及植物激素信号转导被大量富集。在植物激素信号转导中，与脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素（GA）、油菜素内酯（BR）和生长素信号通路相关的基因参与种子萌发。对232个品种的24小时发芽率进行GWAS分析，鉴定出4个显著的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和31个候选基因，其中基于转录组整合成为顶级候选基因。结合转录组和代谢组分析发现，促进淀粉/蔗糖转化为葡萄糖、果糖和麦芽糖的基因在低休眠基因型中上调，这与相应代谢物的积累水平一致。