Kumar Pramod, Chandel Rajeshwar Singh, Verma Subhash Chander, Sharma Nisha, Saini Simran, Bishist Rohit, Lata Suman
Department of Fruit Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, India.
RHRTS-Sharbo and KVK Kinnaur, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Reckong Peo, Solan, HP, India.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Aug 1;25(1):1009. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-07017-4.
Conventional agricultural practices have been associated with detrimental effects such as soil degradation, reduction in biodiversity, environmental contamination due to agrochemical use, and a decrease in the nutritional quality of crops. These challenges necessitate a transition toward sustainable and ecologically sound farming systems. Natural Farming, the regenerative agriculture has shown promising results in restoring soil organic carbon, enhancing microbial biomass and enzymatic activity, improving water retention, and supporting nutrient cycling through natural inputs. This approach emphasizes on-farm biomass recycling while excluding all synthetic inputs, fostering an economic and environment-friendly system. The current study was carried out over two cropping seasons to explore the potential of natural farm inputs on sustainable and high-quality strawberry crop production. Biological modifications namely, Ghan-jeevamrit and Jeevamrit have been used. Ghan-jeevamrit contained 4–5 days air dried indigenous cow dung (100 kg), raw sugar (1 kg), phosphorus solubilizing bacteria rich pulse flour (1 kg), cow urine (3 L) and forest soil (250 g). Liquid microbial culture of Jeevamrit contained cow dung-urine (pH-5.65, EC-0.23 dS/m) and was enriched with , species and actinobacteria. The trial included, Ghan-jeevamrit-2.5 kg/m; Ghan-jeevamrit-5 kg/m; Ghan-jeevamrit-2.5 kg/m + Jeevamrit-2.0 L/m; Jeevamrit-2.0 L/m; Ghan-jeevamrit-2.5 kg/m + Jeevamrit-1.0 L/m and Farmyard manure (FYM)-100% of nitrogen equivalent basis. The results showed that Ghan-jeevamrit-2.5 kg/m + Jeevamrit-2.0 L/m significantly improved the production parameters, quality metrics and yield of strawberries. Microbial formulations resulted in maximum build-up of bacteria, fungi and arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the soils which received Ghan-jeevamrit-2.5 kg/m + Jeevamrit-2.0 L/m. Bio-mobilization and recycling of native nutrients through combined application of Ghan-jeevamrit and Jeevamrit encouraged dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase enzymatic activity to maintain soil health and productivity for long-term and sustainable strawberry production. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed highest cumulative variation for AMF population, dehydrogenase, soil bacteria and fungi. The study further recognised as a practical and affordable solution to farmers in order to improve soil health, increase crop nutrition and lower production costs. This study highlights that the adoption of natural farm inputs can enhance soil biological health, while, promoting high-quality and sustainable strawberry production.
传统农业做法已带来诸多不利影响，如土壤退化、生物多样性减少、农用化学品使用导致的环境污染以及作物营养品质下降。这些挑战使得向可持续且生态健全的耕作系统转型成为必要。自然农法，即再生农业，在恢复土壤有机碳、增加微生物生物量和酶活性、改善保水性以及通过自然投入支持养分循环方面已显示出可观成果。这种方法强调农场内部生物质循环利用，同时排除所有合成投入，构建起一个经济且环境友好的系统。本研究在两个种植季节开展，以探索自然农场投入对可持续和高品质草莓作物生产的潜力。使用了两种生物改良剂，即“加纳杰瓦姆里特”（Ghan-jeevamrit）和“杰瓦姆里特”（Jeevamrit）。“加纳杰瓦姆里特”包含4至5天风干的本地牛粪（100千克）、原糖（1千克）、富含解磷细菌的豆类面粉（1千克）、牛尿（3升）和森林土壤（250克）。“杰瓦姆里特”的液体微生物培养物包含牛粪尿（pH值5.65，电导率0.23 dS/m），并富含多种细菌、真菌和放线菌。试验包括：“加纳杰瓦姆里特”2.5千克/平方米；“加纳杰瓦姆里特”5千克/平方米；“加纳杰瓦姆里特”2.5千克/平方米 + “杰瓦姆里特”2.0升/平方米；“杰瓦姆里特”2.0升/平方米；“加纳杰瓦姆里特”2.5千克/平方米 + “杰瓦姆里特”1.0升/平方米以及农家肥（以氮当量计100%）。结果表明，“加纳杰瓦姆里特”2.5千克/平方米 + “杰瓦姆里特”2.0升/平方米显著改善了草莓的生产参数、品质指标和产量。微生物制剂使接受“加纳杰瓦姆里特”2.5千克/平方米 + “杰瓦姆里特”2.0升/平方米处理的土壤中细菌、真菌和丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）数量达到最大值。通过联合施用“加纳杰瓦姆里特”和“杰瓦姆里特”实现本地养分的生物活化和循环利用，促进了脱氢酶和酸性磷酸酶的酶活性，以维持土壤健康和生产力，实现草莓的长期可持续生产。主成分分析（PCA）显示丛枝菌根真菌数量、脱氢酶、土壤细菌和真菌的累积变异最高。该研究进一步被认为是为农民提供的一种切实可行且经济实惠的解决方案，有助于改善土壤健康、增加作物养分并降低生产成本。本研究强调采用自然农场投入可增强土壤生物健康，同时促进高品质和可持续的草莓生产。
