中国患者对心力衰竭的认知、态度和行为：一项横断面研究。

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding heart failure among Chinese patients: a cross-sectional study.

作者信息

Jin Ping, Shu Zhisong, Cui Kun, Ou Zhenhong, Li Hongping, Luo Yuhui

机构信息

Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 401147, China.

Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, No. 118, Star Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, 401147, China.

出版信息

BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 2;25(1):2620. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23860-4.

DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-23860-4

PMID:40753205

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12317643/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Understanding patients’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices is essential for effective heart failure (HF) management, as these factors significantly influence self-care behaviors, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of patients with heart failure.

METHODS

A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2023 among 483 heart failure patients recruited through convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria encompassed a confirmed HF diagnosis and the ability to independently use mobile devices. The research employed a self-administered questionnaire, validated through expert review and pilot testing, to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The overall reliability was robust (Cronbach’s α = 0.875), with subscale alphas of 0.819 for knowledge, 0.582 for attitudes, and 0.846 for practices.

RESULTS

The findings from 483 HF patients revealed limited knowledge (mean score: 10.75 out of 20), moderately negative attitudes (mean score: 22.93 out of 40), and relatively proactive practices (mean score: 32.21 out of 45). Higher knowledge levels and having mid-range ejection fraction emerged as significant predictors of proactive health behaviors (all < 0.05). Structural equation modeling further demonstrated that education and marital status positively influenced knowledge, while attitudes unexpectedly showed a negative association with practices (all < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

This study highlights critical gaps in knowledge and attitudes among HF patients, despite some proactive practices. By leveraging a web-based platform, this research contributes to the growing literature on digital health approaches in chronic disease management, suggesting that scalable, technology-enabled education and support strategies should be integrated into HF care. Additionally, this study provides novel insights into the unexpected negative relationship between attitudes and practices, underscoring the complexity of behavioral change in HF management.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER

Not applicable.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-025-23860-4.

摘要

背景

了解患者的知识、态度和行为对于有效的心力衰竭（HF）管理至关重要，因为这些因素会显著影响自我护理行为、治疗依从性和临床结局。本研究旨在调查心力衰竭患者的知识、态度和行为（KAP）。

方法

2023年4月至5月进行了一项基于网络的横断面研究，通过便利抽样招募了483名心力衰竭患者。纳入标准包括确诊的HF诊断以及独立使用移动设备的能力。该研究采用了一份经过专家评审和预试验验证的自填式问卷，以评估知识、态度和行为。总体信度较强（Cronbach's α = 0.875），知识分量表的α系数为0.819，态度分量表为0.582，行为分量表为0.846。

结果

483名HF患者的研究结果显示，知识水平有限（平均得分：20分中的10.75分），态度中度消极（平均得分：40分中的22.93分），行为相对积极（平均得分：45分中的32.21分）。较高的知识水平和中等范围的射血分数是积极健康行为的显著预测因素（均P < 0.05）。结构方程模型进一步表明，教育程度和婚姻状况对知识有积极影响，而态度出人意料地与行为呈负相关（均P < 0.05）。

结论

本研究突出了HF患者在知识和态度方面的关键差距，尽管有一些积极的行为。通过利用基于网络的平台，本研究为慢性病管理中数字健康方法的不断增长的文献做出了贡献，表明应将可扩展的、技术支持的教育和支持策略纳入HF护理。此外，本研究为态度与行为之间意外的负相关关系提供了新的见解，强调了HF管理中行为改变的复杂性。