Mukerjee Nobendu, Sarkar Subham, Uti Daniel Ejim, Sharma Prashant Kumar
Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, School of Public Health Sciences and Technology, Hyderabad, India.
Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
Cancer Biol Ther. 2025 Dec;26(1):2541991. doi: 10.1080/15384047.2025.2541991. Epub 2025 Aug 3.
Exosome-based therapies represent a pioneering frontier in cancer treatment, leveraging the natural cellular communication mechanisms encapsulated in exosomes. These nano-sized vesicles serve as carriers of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, reflecting the physiological state of their cells of origin, which makes them ideal candidates for targeted cancer therapies and diagnostics. Despite their potential, the path to clinical application is fraught with challenges. This review explores the inherent challenges associated with exosome-based cancer vaccines, focusing on tumor heterogeneity, the technical difficulties in exosome isolation and characterization, the need for standardized protocols, and the scalability of production methods. It also explores the interaction between exosomes and the immune system, a crucial factor in developing effective cancer vaccines. The review explores strategies to improve diagnostic tools, targeted delivery systems, and therapy based on individual tumor profiles, highlighting the need for innovative approaches and collaborative efforts to maximize exosome-based cancer vaccines' therapeutic potential.
基于外泌体的疗法代表了癌症治疗的前沿领域，它利用了外泌体中蕴含的天然细胞通讯机制。这些纳米级囊泡作为蛋白质、脂质和核酸的载体，反映了其来源细胞的生理状态，这使其成为靶向癌症治疗和诊断的理想候选者。尽管具有潜力，但临床应用之路充满挑战。本综述探讨了基于外泌体的癌症疫苗所面临的固有挑战，重点关注肿瘤异质性、外泌体分离和表征的技术难题、标准化方案的需求以及生产方法的可扩展性。它还探讨了外泌体与免疫系统之间的相互作用，这是开发有效癌症疫苗的关键因素。该综述探讨了基于个体肿瘤特征改进诊断工具、靶向递送系统和治疗的策略，强调了创新方法和合作努力的必要性，以最大限度地发挥基于外泌体的癌症疫苗的治疗潜力。
