Xu Liuxing, Chen Changjing, He Chenggang, Abd El Tawab Ahmed M, Liu Qinhua, Jiang Hua
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricuture University, Kunming, China.
College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, China.
PeerJ. 2025 Jul 31;13:e19663. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19663. eCollection 2025.
Silage maize () is a significant source of animal roughage in many countries. Few studies have revealed the specific impacts of agronomic measures on harmful or beneficial microbial species (based on plant health or utilization) in silage maize. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of three maturity stages (big trumpet, milk, and dough) × two irrigation amounts (1,200 m hm (IA1,200) and 2,400 m hm (IA2,400)) × three nitrogen (N) application rates (160 kg hm (low), 240 kg hm (medium), and 320 kg hm (high)) on the bacterial community structure of the silage maize phyllosphere. Irrigation amounts and N application rates did not affect silage maize leaves' chemical or physiological properties, but influenced the bacterial community structure of silage maize phyllosphere. There were higher relative abundances of beneficial (, , , and ) or harmful ( and ) microbial in IA2,400 compared with IA1,200. Plant pathogenic bacteria ( and ) were found to have the highest relative abundance at the low N application rates. In meta-analysis, some bacteria impacted the phytosanitation and nutrition quality of forage, encompassing , , , , , , , and . Based on the yield, plant health, and potential fermentation quality of silage maize, we recommend using an irrigation amount of 2,400 m hm and an N application rates of 240 kg hm for agricultural production and harvesting silage maize at the milk stage.
青贮玉米（）是许多国家动物粗饲料的重要来源。很少有研究揭示农艺措施对青贮玉米中有害或有益微生物物种（基于植物健康或利用）的具体影响。本研究的目的是调查三个成熟阶段（大喇叭口期、乳熟期和蜡熟期）×两种灌溉量（1200立方米/公顷（IA1200）和2400立方米/公顷（IA2400））×三种施氮量（160千克/公顷（低）、240千克/公顷（中）和320千克/公顷（高））对青贮玉米叶际细菌群落结构的影响。灌溉量和施氮量不影响青贮玉米叶片的化学或生理特性，但影响青贮玉米叶际的细菌群落结构。与IA1200相比，IA2400中有益微生物（、、、和）或有害微生物（和）的相对丰度更高。发现植物病原菌（和）在低施氮量时相对丰度最高。在荟萃分析中，一些细菌影响了饲料的植物卫生和营养质量，包括、、、、、、、和。基于青贮玉米的产量、植物健康和潜在发酵质量，我们建议在农业生产中使用2400立方米/公顷的灌溉量和240千克/公顷的施氮量，并在乳熟期收获青贮玉米。
