生酮饮食对癌症患者预后的影响：一项系统评价和荟萃分析。
Impact of ketogenic diets on cancer patient outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者信息
Zhang Meiying, Zhang Qing, Huang Sheng, Lu Yifu, Peng Mengyun
机构信息
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
出版信息
Front Nutr. 2025 Jul 18;12:1535921. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1535921. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND
The ketogenic diet, characterized by high fat, moderate protein, and extremely low carbohydrate intake, has been widely used as a medical treatment for various conditions and has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its health benefits.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a ketogenic diet on outcomes in cancer patients compared to conventional non-ketogenic diets.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Studies that assigned cancer patients to either a ketogenic diet or a standard diet control group were included. Two reviewers independently extracted and analyzed the data.
RESULTS
This meta-analysis revealed that the ketogenic diet significantly reduced fat mass, visceral fat, insulin levels, blood glucose, fatigue, and insomnia compared to a non-ketogenic diet while improving low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, protein uptake, ketosis events, emotional function, and social function. Furthermore, the ketogenic diet induced ketosis by increasing β-hydroxybutyrate levels.
CONCLUSION
The ketogenic diet was found to improve cancer patients' outcomes more effectively than non-ketogenic diets. Notably, C-reactive protein levels showed greater improvement when the intervention lasted more than 12 weeks, with a diet composition of 2-4% carbohydrates, 16-18% protein, and 80-85% fat.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
(https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024553878) PROSPERO CRD4202455387.
背景
生酮饮食的特点是高脂肪、适量蛋白质和极低的碳水化合物摄入量，已被广泛用作各种病症的医学治疗方法，并且近年来因其对健康的益处而受到越来越多的关注。
目的
本研究旨在调查与传统非生酮饮食相比，生酮饮食对癌症患者预后的有效性。
材料和方法
纳入将癌症患者分配到生酮饮食组或标准饮食对照组的研究。两名评价者独立提取和分析数据。
结果
这项荟萃分析表明，与非生酮饮食相比，生酮饮食显著降低了脂肪量、内脏脂肪、胰岛素水平、血糖、疲劳和失眠，同时改善了低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇、总胆固醇、促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平、蛋白质摄取、酮症发生、情绪功能和社会功能。此外，生酮饮食通过提高β-羟基丁酸水平诱导酮症。
结论
发现生酮饮食比非生酮饮食更有效地改善癌症患者的预后。值得注意的是，当干预持续超过12周，碳水化合物含量为2-4%、蛋白质含量为16-18%、脂肪含量为80-85%的饮食组成时，C反应蛋白水平有更大改善。
系统评价注册
（https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024553878）PROSPERO CRD4202455387。
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