Elorduy-Terrado Ainize, Torres-Luque Gema, Radesca Krizia, Muñoz-Andradas Guillermo, Saenz-Bravo Marisa, Domínguez-Balmaseda Diego
Department of Real Madrid Graduate School, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Faculty of Humanities and Science Education, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
Muscles. 2025 May 19;4(2):15. doi: 10.3390/muscles4020015.
This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle on the performance of female athletes.
Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases using the keywords: ("Menstrual cycle") AND ("performance" OR "female athlete" OR "sport" AND NOT "male"); AND NOT ("contraceptive"). Inclusion criteria focused on original studies published between 2013 and 2023, in English or Spanish, involving eumenorrheic female athletes without menstrual disorders or oral contraceptive use. The studies were critically assessed using the McMaster scientific review method.
Thirteen eligible articles were reviewed, comprising a total sample of 152 athletes. Significant findings include increased flexibility during the ovulatory phase and enhanced aerobic and anaerobic capacities in the luteal phase. Additionally, the menstrual and premenstrual phases notably influenced aerobic and anaerobic capacities, performance perception, symptomatology, and exercise-induced muscle damage.
Hormonal fluctuations can impact female athletes' performance. However, further research is warranted due to inconsistent results stemming from variations in cycle phases studied, lack of standardized methodologies, small sample sizes, and short observation periods.
本系统评价旨在评估月经周期中激素波动对女运动员表现的影响。
遵循PRISMA指南，在Scopus、科学网和PubMed数据库中进行全面检索，使用的关键词为：（“月经周期”）AND（“表现”或“女运动员”或“运动”且非“男性”）；且非（“避孕药”）。纳入标准集中于2013年至2023年期间发表的英文或西班牙文原创研究，涉及无月经紊乱或未使用口服避孕药的月经正常的女运动员。采用麦克马斯特科学评价方法对这些研究进行严格评估。
共审查了13篇符合条件的文章，样本总数为152名运动员。重要发现包括排卵期柔韧性增加，黄体期有氧和无氧能力增强。此外，月经期和经前期对有氧和无氧能力、表现感知、症状以及运动引起的肌肉损伤有显著影响。
激素波动会影响女运动员的表现。然而，由于所研究的周期阶段存在差异、缺乏标准化方法、样本量小以及观察期短导致结果不一致，因此有必要进行进一步研究。
