Singer L M, Brodzinsky D M, Ramsay D, Steir M, Waters E
Child Dev. 1985 Dec;56(6):1543-51.
Data from 2 separate samples using the Strange Situation paradigm were combined to assess the quality of attachment relationships in adoptive and nonadoptive mother-infant pairs. Infants were between 13 and 18 months at the time of observation. Results indicated no differences in mother-infant attachment between nonadopted and intraracial adopted subjects or between intraracial and interracial adopted subjects. Interracial adoptive mother-infant pairs did show a higher incidence of insecure attachment in comparison to nonadoptive pairs. Mothers of interracial adopted infants also were less comfortable having others care for their babies and perceived less emotional support from extended family and friends for their decision to adopt a child prior to the actual adoption than did other mothers. No relation was found, however, between quality of mother-infant attachment and either perceived social support, infant developmental quotient, infant temperament, number of foster homes experienced by the infant, or infant's age at the time of adoption placement. It was suggested that the higher incidence of psychological problems found among adoptees in middle childhood and adolescence cannot be explained in terms of insecure attachment relationships during the infancy years.
使用陌生情境范式对两个独立样本的数据进行合并，以评估收养和非收养母婴对之间依恋关系的质量。观察时婴儿年龄在13至18个月之间。结果表明，非收养和种族内收养的受试者之间以及种族内和跨种族收养的受试者之间，母婴依恋没有差异。与非收养对相比，跨种族收养的母婴对不安全依恋的发生率确实更高。跨种族收养婴儿的母亲在实际收养前，让他人照顾自己孩子时也较不自在，并且比起其他母亲，她们从大家庭和朋友那里获得的对其收养决定的情感支持更少。然而，未发现母婴依恋质量与感知到的社会支持、婴儿发育商、婴儿气质、婴儿经历的寄养家庭数量或收养安置时婴儿的年龄之间存在关联。研究表明，童年中期和青春期被收养者中发现的较高心理问题发生率，无法用婴儿期不安全依恋关系来解释。
