Waqas Muhammad, Saif Muhammad Saqib, Batool Sana, Ahmed Muhammad Mahmood, Tariq Tuba, Hussain Riaz, Mustafa Ghazala, Ghorbanpour Mansour, Hasan Murtaza
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 4;15(1):28461. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14126-5.
Some conventional drugs are swiftly accessible and poorly soluble in the body. Although it is less soluble and accessible, silymarin, a well-known antioxidant drug, is used to treat several ailments. It is integrated into green-designed Fagonia cretica extract (FCE) based on PEGylated-Sily@ZnFeO in this work to enhance these characteristics. UV-visible spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential analysis were all used to thoroughly analyze the nanocomposites. As a result, ZnFeO nanocomposites (NCs) produced nanostructures with an average crystal size of 7.66 nm, whereas PEGylated-Sily@ZnFeO nanodrug produced with an average crystal size of 25.38 nm. The ZnFeO NCs produced nanostructures with an average grain size of 332 nm and 504 nm, respectively as deduce by SEM analysis. Silymarin was estimated to have a loading efficiency of 27.39% into ZnFeO NCs. To examine the produced nano-drug's in vivo antioxidative capacity in the liver in comparison to pure silymarin, albino rats intoxicated with CCl were administered different dosages of 500 and 1500 μg/kg body weight. In hepatic tissue, CCl increased ROS and TBARS and lowered SOD, POD, and CAT levels, causing DNA damage that was mitigated subsequently by PEGylated-Sily@ZnFeO. In a rat model of CCl-induced hepatotoxicity, the in vivo assessment experiments showed that the synthesized PEGylated-Sily@ZnFeO efficiently displayed a hepatoprotective effect by mitigating cellular abnormalities caused by CCl toxication. Additionally, the PEGylated-Sily@ZnFeO was shown to reduce the degree of DNA damage in the COMET experiment. In contrast to the traditional drug silymarin, the PEGylated-Sily@ZnFeO. Nanocomposites may be useful in the future in sustaining a variety of tissues by lowering oxidative stress.
一些传统药物在体内易于获取但溶解性差。水飞蓟素是一种著名的抗氧化药物，虽然其溶解性和可及性较低，但仍被用于治疗多种疾病。在这项工作中，它被整合到基于聚乙二醇化水飞蓟素@ZnFeO的绿色设计的刺山柑提取物（FCE）中，以增强这些特性。紫外可见光谱、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和zeta电位分析都被用于全面分析纳米复合材料。结果，ZnFeO纳米复合材料（NCs）产生了平均晶体尺寸为7.66纳米的纳米结构，而聚乙二醇化水飞蓟素@ZnFeO纳米药物产生的平均晶体尺寸为25.38纳米。通过SEM分析推断，ZnFeO NCs产生的纳米结构平均晶粒尺寸分别为332纳米和504纳米。水飞蓟素在ZnFeO NCs中的负载效率估计为27.39%。为了与纯水飞蓟素相比，检测所制备的纳米药物在肝脏中的体内抗氧化能力，给用CCl中毒的白化大鼠分别给予500和1500微克/千克体重的不同剂量。在肝组织中，CCl增加了活性氧（ROS）和丙二醛（TBARS），降低了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）水平，导致DNA损伤，随后聚乙二醇化水飞蓟素@ZnFeO减轻了这种损伤。在CCl诱导的肝毒性大鼠模型中，体内评估实验表明，合成的聚乙二醇化水飞蓟素@ZnFeO通过减轻CCl中毒引起的细胞异常有效地发挥了肝保护作用。此外，在彗星实验中，聚乙二醇化水飞蓟素@ZnFeO被证明可以降低DNA损伤程度。与传统药物水飞蓟素相比，聚乙二醇化水飞蓟素@ZnFeO纳米复合材料未来可能通过降低氧化应激对维持多种组织有用。
