Lin Shih-Hao, Wang Jing-Chun, Lin Zong-Hong, Kao Fu-Cheng, Wang Hsiang-Yu
Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106319, Taiwan.
ACS Sens. 2025 Aug 22;10(8):6020-6028. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.5c01503. Epub 2025 Aug 5.
The rapid and accurate detection of creatinine is essential for monitoring kidney function and diagnosing renal impairments. Nonenzymatic catalysts have been used to improve sensitivity and reduce environmental susceptibility in creatinine detection. However, limited selectivity hinders their broader application in practical scenarios. This study introduced a novel nonenzymatic creatinine sensor that utilized copper(II) oxide as a catalyst, incorporating styrenyl-triphenylphosphonium-based ionic liquid (STPP-IL) and Nafion on the electrode surface to enhance selectivity and minimize interference. Electrografting technique ensured uniform STPP-IL coverage on the electrode, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The modified creatinine sensors demonstrated a detection range from 1.5 to 800 μM with low standard error and high sensitivities in the presence of interferents. Notably, creatinine levels in the artificial and natural human sweat were selectively quantified using the proposed sensor, supporting its potential for clinical applications. The sensors retained over 90% of their initial current response after 40 days of storage. Additionally, reproducibility experiments demonstrated a relative error of 1.3% across five independent sensors. These results show the sensor's enhanced selectivity, stability, and reproducibility, making it a promising alternative for reliable creatinine detection in point-of-care tests.
快速准确地检测肌酐对于监测肾功能和诊断肾脏损伤至关重要。非酶催化剂已被用于提高肌酐检测的灵敏度并降低环境敏感性。然而，选择性有限阻碍了它们在实际场景中的更广泛应用。本研究介绍了一种新型非酶肌酐传感器，该传感器利用氧化铜作为催化剂，在电极表面结合基于苯乙烯基三苯基鏻的离子液体（STPP-IL）和Nafion，以提高选择性并减少干扰。电接枝技术确保了电极上STPP-IL的均匀覆盖，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）证实了这一点。修饰后的肌酐传感器在存在干扰物的情况下，检测范围为1.5至800μM，标准误差低且灵敏度高。值得注意的是，使用所提出的传感器对人工和天然人汗液中的肌酐水平进行了选择性定量，支持了其在临床应用中的潜力。传感器在储存40天后保留了超过90%的初始电流响应。此外，重现性实验表明，五个独立传感器的相对误差为1.3%。这些结果表明该传感器具有增强的选择性、稳定性和重现性，使其成为即时检测中可靠检测肌酐的有前途的替代方案。
