Narimani Ramin, Esmaeili Mahdad, Rasta Seyed Hossein, Khosroshahi Hamid Tayebi, Mobed Ahmad
Medical Bioengineering Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran.
Molecular Medicine Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran.
Anal Sci Adv. 2020 Oct 20;2(5-6):308-325. doi: 10.1002/ansa.202000074. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Renal failure (RF) disease is ranked as one of the most prevalent diseases with severe morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of RF leads to subsequent control of disease to reduce the poor prognosis. The level of sera creatinine is considered as a significant biomarker for kidney biofunction, which is routinely detected by the Jaffe reaction. The normal range for creatinine in the blood may be 0.84-1.21 mg/dL. Low accuracy, insufficient sensitivity, explosive and toxicity of picric acid, and pseudo-interaction with nonspecific elements such as ammonium ions in the Jaffe method lead to the development of various techniques for precise detection of creatinine such as spectroscopic, electrochemical, and chromatography approaches and sensors based on enzymes, molecular imprinted polymer and nanoparticles, etc. Based on previously established results, they are trying to construct sensors with high accuracy, optimum sensitivity, acceptable linear/calibration range, and limit of detection, which are small in size and applicable by the patient him/herself (point-of-care testing). By comparing the results of research, a molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence-based sensor with linear/calibration range of 5-1 mMconcentration of creatinine and the detection limit of 0.5 nM has the best detectable resolution with 2 million measurable points. In this paper, we will review the recently developed methods for measuring creatinine concentration and renal biofunction.
肾衰竭（RF）疾病是最常见的具有严重发病率和死亡率的疾病之一。早期诊断肾衰竭有助于后续控制病情，以降低不良预后。血清肌酐水平被视为肾脏生物功能的重要生物标志物，通常通过Jaffe反应进行检测。血液中肌酐的正常范围可能是0.84 - 1.21毫克/分升。Jaffe法中苦味酸的准确性低、灵敏度不足、具有爆炸性和毒性，以及与铵离子等非特异性元素的假相互作用，促使人们开发各种精确检测肌酐的技术，如光谱法、电化学法、色谱法，以及基于酶、分子印迹聚合物和纳米颗粒等的传感器。基于先前已确立的结果，他们试图构建具有高精度、最佳灵敏度、可接受的线性/校准范围和检测限的传感器，这些传感器尺寸小且可供患者自行使用（即时检测）。通过比较研究结果，一种基于分子印迹电化学发光的传感器，其肌酐浓度的线性/校准范围为5 - 1毫摩尔，检测限为0.5纳摩尔，具有200万个可测量点，具有最佳的检测分辨率。在本文中，我们将综述最近开发的测量肌酐浓度和肾脏生物功能的方法。
