Wei Rujun, Long Jiyun, Xia Haoxue, Sun Yanni, Zhang Lin, Li Xiaoqing, Zhang Hongping, Wang Run, Gao Shengtao, Chen Yunwei, Gu Yun, Wang Xiaoya, Wang Jinfeng
College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
Sci China Life Sci. 2025 Aug 1. doi: 10.1007/s11427-024-2934-8.
Among the various pregnancy complications, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most prevalent and damaging adverse conditions. GDM is characterised by dysregulated gut microbiota and dysglycaemia. There is a keen search for active ingredients that can modify gut dysbiosis and glycaemic imbalances. In this study, the effects of dietary supplementation with high fibre and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on GDM were evaluated. We found that GOS effectively alleviated blood glucose, hepatic inflammatory response, and lipid metabolism in high-fat-induced GDM mice. Furthermore, GOS redressed GDM-associated gut dysbiosis and altered glycerolipid metabolic pathways. GOS supplementation significantly downregulated the levels of fat synthesis genes and inflammatory factors in the liver and upregulated the expression of lipolytic catabolic genes (Cyp4a10). In dietary GOS supplementation, Lachnospiraceae bacteria strongly co-occurred with saturated lysophosphatidylcholine in the glycerolipid metabolic pathway. Metagenomic analyses illustrated that Lachnospiraceae bacteria-hosted α-galactosidase genes enriched upon GOS intake. GOS supplementation reduces lipopolysaccharide (LPS) entry into the systemic circulation by repairing intestinal mucosal damage, inhibits inflammatory cell production by reducing hepatic and intestinal Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) expression and potentially ameliorates blood glucose dysregulation in GDM by modulating glycerophospholipid metabolism. These results revealed that dietary supplementation of GOS during pregnancy may be a promising intervention against GDM.
在各种妊娠并发症中，妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是最常见且危害最大的不良状况之一。GDM的特征是肠道微生物群失调和血糖异常。人们一直在积极寻找能够改善肠道菌群失调和血糖失衡的活性成分。在本研究中，评估了高纤维和低聚半乳糖（GOS）膳食补充剂对GDM的影响。我们发现，GOS有效缓解了高脂诱导的GDM小鼠的血糖、肝脏炎症反应和脂质代谢。此外，GOS纠正了与GDM相关的肠道菌群失调，并改变了甘油酯代谢途径。补充GOS显著下调了肝脏中脂肪合成基因和炎症因子的水平，并上调了解脂分解基因（Cyp4a10）的表达。在膳食补充GOS的情况下，毛螺菌科细菌在甘油酯代谢途径中与饱和溶血磷脂酰胆碱强烈共存。宏基因组分析表明，摄入GOS后，毛螺菌科细菌携带的α-半乳糖苷酶基因富集。补充GOS通过修复肠道黏膜损伤减少脂多糖（LPS）进入体循环，通过降低肝脏和肠道Toll样受体4（TLR-4）的表达抑制炎症细胞产生，并可能通过调节甘油磷脂代谢改善GDM中的血糖失调。这些结果表明，孕期膳食补充GOS可能是一种有前景的GDM干预措施。
