Alvi Hafiza Maria Asghar, Ahmed Wazir, Yaseen Muhammad, Danish Subhan, Alshamamri Nawaf, Rab Safia Obaidur, Datta Rahul
Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 5;15(1):28613. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12647-7.
Management of nutrients under changing climatic conditions has become a major challenge in agriculture, affecting nutrient availability, plant uptake, and overall crop productivity. Optimizing fertilization strategies, particularly through balanced fertilizer applications, is crucial to enhancing nutrient use efficiency and ensuring sustainable crop yields under these dynamic environmental conditions. This study contributes to improving nitrogen management strategies for wheat in calcareous soils by evaluating different nitrate and ammonium ratios, offering insights for enhancing nitrogen use efficiency and yield optimization. The treatments included: T = DAP-Urea (100% N as NH), T = DAP-CAN (29% N as NH and 71% N as NO), T = NP-Urea (32% N as NH and 68% N as NO), and T = NP-CAN (100% N as NO). Results showed that N uptake varied with NH/NO ratios in the fertilizer combinations. Wheat supplied with 100% N as NO (NP-CAN) had higher N, P, and K use efficiencies compared to plants with 100% N as NH (DAP-Urea). Plants with 100% N as NO had higher INR, NACE, NARE, and NAUE (77%, 43%, 83%, 24 kg kg) compared to those with 100% N as NH (67%, 26%, 29%, 18 kg kg). FUTE decreased to 33% (NP-CAN) from 40% (DAP-Urea), while NPUE dropped to 29 g g (NP-CAN) from 67 g g (DAP-Urea). The fertilizer stress factor increased from 60% (DAP-Urea) to 67% (NP-CAN). Similar trends were observed in P and K use efficiency. Plants with higher agronomic parameters and grain yield per hectare also showed improvements in PUE and KUE. Economic analysis indicated that nitrate-based NP combinations generated 13-42% more net income and 3-12% higher BCR compared to DAP-Urea. The VCR (3.13 to 5.04) suggests that nitrate-based combinations are economically viable for farmers.
在气候变化条件下管理养分已成为农业领域的一项重大挑战，影响着养分有效性、植物吸收以及作物整体生产力。优化施肥策略，特别是通过平衡施肥，对于提高养分利用效率以及在这些动态环境条件下确保作物可持续产量至关重要。本研究通过评估不同的硝酸盐与铵盐比例，为改进石灰性土壤中小麦的氮素管理策略做出了贡献，为提高氮素利用效率和产量优化提供了见解。处理包括：T = 磷酸二铵 - 尿素（100%氮以铵态形式存在），T = 磷酸二铵 - 硝酸钙（29%氮以铵态形式存在，71%氮以硝态形式存在），T = 氮磷 - 尿素（32%氮以铵态形式存在，68%氮以硝态形式存在），以及T = 氮磷 - 硝酸钙（100%氮以硝态形式存在）。结果表明，肥料组合中氮的吸收随铵态氮/硝态氮比例而变化。与以100%铵态氮（磷酸二铵 - 尿素）供应氮的小麦相比，以100%硝态氮（氮磷 - 硝酸钙）供应氮的小麦具有更高的氮、磷和钾利用效率。与以100%铵态氮供应氮的植株（67%、26%、29%、18千克/千克）相比，以100%硝态氮供应氮的植株具有更高的氮素回收率、氮素农学效率、氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率（分别为77%、43%、83%、24千克/千克）。肥料利用效率从40%（磷酸二铵 - 尿素）降至33%（氮磷 - 硝酸钙），而氮素籽粒生产效率从67克/克（磷酸二铵 - 尿素）降至29克/克（氮磷 - 硝酸钙）。肥料胁迫因子从60%（磷酸二铵 - 尿素）增加到67%（氮磷 - 硝酸钙）。在磷和钾利用效率方面也观察到类似趋势。具有较高农艺参数和每公顷籽粒产量的植株在磷利用效率和钾利用效率方面也有所提高。经济分析表明，与磷酸二铵 - 尿素相比，基于硝酸盐的氮磷组合产生的净收入多13 - 42%，效益成本比高3 - 12%。效益成本比（3.13至5.04）表明，基于硝酸盐的组合对农民来说在经济上是可行的。
