Bauleo Lisa, de'Donato Francesca, De Sario Manuela, Michelozzi Paola, Ancona Carla
Dipartimento di Epidemiologia del Servizio Sanitario Regionale del Lazio, ASL Roma 1, Roma;
Dipartimento di Epidemiologia del Servizio Sanitario Regionale del Lazio, ASL Roma 1, Roma.
Epidemiol Prev. 2025 Mar-Jun;49(2-3):30-40. doi: 10.19191/EP25.2-3.S1.053.
to estimate CO2 emissions for different commuting modes before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown, and define scenarios to assess their impact on the environment and health.
cross-sectional study using data retrieved from a survey.
the study included anonymous participation from both researchers involved in the Climactions project and the general population; the questionnaire was made available through social media. Information was gathered on the transportation modes used to commute, the distance travelled and travel times before, during, and after the COVID-19 emergency, and proposals for actions/solutions to enhance sustainable commuting in urban areas.
the amount of CO2 emissions due to different commuting modes during various stages of the pandemic was estimated based on vehicle-specific emission coefficients provided by the European Environmental Agency, taking into account the average number of passengers per vehicle. Sustainable commuting scenarios were also proposed, including active transportation (walking, cycling, etcetera).
the online questionnaire was filled-in by 2,904 persons, predominantly women (62.3%) and residents in Northern Italy (44.6%). Over 80% of the respondents were aged over 40 (0.7% <25 years). On average, the distance travelled on a daily commute was 23.6 km (median: 13 km), with longer distances in the Southern Regions (average: 38.2 km, median: 20 km). The average per-capita CO2 emissions were 2 kg per day in the pre-pandemic situation. The reduction in commuting during lockdown periods led to a significant decrease in estimated CO2 emissions, with an average per capita reduction of about 100 grams per day. From September 2020, the increase in smart working among respondents still allowed for a reduction in estimated CO2 levels, despite an increase in emissions from private vehicle use (1.5 kg per capita per day). Considering sustainable scenarios, a 15-minute walk during the daily commute would lead to a reduction in estimated CO2 levels of up to 0.7 kg per capita per day. Regarding the statement that "improving air quality in cities and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are useful actions to combat climate change", 94% of respondents strongly agreed.
in Italy, road transport accounts for approximately 25% of the total CO2 emissions. The lockdown provided a natural scenario for reducing emissions in urban areas, and the implementation of smart working was associated with a decrease in CO2 emissions due to reduced commuting. However, it is crucial to promote sustainable and active transportation modes for daily commuting such as walking and cycling, also considering the significant health co-benefits.
估算2019冠状病毒病封锁之前、期间和之后不同通勤方式的二氧化碳排放量，并定义情景以评估其对环境和健康的影响。
使用从一项调查中获取的数据进行横断面研究。
该研究包括参与“气候行动”项目的研究人员和普通民众的匿名参与；问卷通过社交媒体提供。收集了有关通勤所用交通方式、2019冠状病毒病紧急情况之前、期间和之后的出行距离和出行时间，以及加强城市地区可持续通勤的行动/解决方案建议等信息。
根据欧洲环境局提供的特定车辆排放系数，并考虑每辆车的平均乘客数量，估算大流行不同阶段不同通勤方式产生的二氧化碳排放量。还提出了可持续通勤情景，包括主动出行（步行、骑自行车等）。
2904人填写了在线问卷，主要是女性（62.3%）和意大利北部居民（44.6%）。超过80%的受访者年龄在40岁以上（0.7%年龄小于25岁）。平均而言，日常通勤的出行距离为23.6公里（中位数：13公里），南部地区的距离更长（平均：38.2公里，中位数：20公里）。疫情前人均二氧化碳排放量为每天2千克。封锁期间通勤减少导致估算的二氧化碳排放量显著下降，人均每天平均减少约100克。从2020年9月起，受访者中远程办公的增加仍使估算的二氧化碳水平有所降低，尽管私人车辆使用的排放量有所增加（人均每天1.5千克）。考虑到可持续情景，日常通勤期间步行15分钟将使估算的二氧化碳水平人均每天最多降低0.7千克。关于“改善城市空气质量和减少温室气体排放是应对气候变化的有益行动”这一说法，94%的受访者强烈同意。
在意大利，公路运输约占二氧化碳排放总量的25%。封锁为减少城市地区排放提供了一个自然情景，远程办公的实施与通勤减少导致的二氧化碳排放量下降有关。然而，推广步行和骑自行车等日常通勤的可持续和主动交通方式至关重要，同时也要考虑到显著的健康协同效益。
